What is cholecystitis? Symptoms, causes, and prevention strategies for gallbladder inflammation

Cholecystitis occurs with sudden and intense pain in the upper abdomen, which may further radiate to the back or right shoulder. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and fever (Image: Canva)

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, typically caused by gallstones that block the ducts leading to the small intestine. This condition can lead to severe pain in the upper right abdomen, nausea, and vomiting, and may often require medical intervention.

Symptoms and causes:

Cholecystitis occurs with sudden and intense pain in the upper abdomen, which may further radiate to the back or right shoulder. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and fever. Gallstones are the primary cause, blocking the bile ducts and leading to inflammation. In some cases, cholecystitis can develop without gallstones, due to infections or tumors blocking the bile ducts.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cholecystitis can be classified as either acute or chronic. Acute cholecystitis is a sudden inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to a gallstone blocking the cystic duct, leading to severe abdominal pain, fever, and nausea.

Chronic cholecystitis, on the other hand, is a long-standing inflammation resulting from repeated episodes of acute cholecystitis, which can cause the gallbladder walls to thicken and become rigid, leading to persistent pain and digestive problems. Both conditions require medical attention to prevent serious complications such as infections, tissue damage, or gallbladder rupture.

Here are 7 preventative tips to prevent cholecystitis:

Maintain a healthy diet: A diet low in fat and cholesterol can help prevent the formation of gallstones. Include plenty of fibre-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps keep bile diluted and flowing smoothly, reducing the risk of gallstone formation.

Manage weight: Obesity is a significant risk factor for gallstones. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can lower your risk.

Eat small, frequent meals: Large meals, especially high in fat, can trigger gallbladder attacks. Opt for smaller meals throughout the day to reduce stress on your gallbladder.

Limit alcohol intake: Excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to gallstone formation. Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all.

Avoid crash diets: Rapid weight loss and low-calorie diets can increase the risk of gallstones. Aim for gradual weight loss to minimise this risk.

Consult your doctor: If you have a family history of gallstones or are at risk due to other conditions, talk to your doctor about preventive measures or medications that may help reduce your risk.