Seasonal allergy symptoms, causes, and how to negate risks of common triggers

Symptoms of seasonal allergies: The most common signs include relentless sneezing, a runny or stuffy nose, watery and itchy eyes, and irritation in the sinuses, throat, or ears (Image: Canva)

Welcome to the season of blooms, which, on the flip side, also comes with allergies. If you find yourself sneezing, coughing, or dealing with itchy eyes at this time of the year, you might have seasonal allergies.

Also known as hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinitis, these allergies occur when your immune system overreacts to airborne pollen from trees, grasses, or weeds, says  Dr Diksha Goyal, Senior Consultant-Internal Medicine at Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram. “Spring allergies typically begin in February and last until early summer, with different plants pollinating at various times,. Knowing the causes and symptoms can help to manage and prevent allergy flare-ups,” she adds.

Explaining the causes of seasonal allergies happen, Dr Goyal says, “Seasonal allergies are triggered by pollen, which is released into the air by plants during their reproductive cycles. Tree pollination, in early spring, is followed by grass pollination in late spring and summer, and finally ragweed in late summer and fall.”

Also read | Seasonal allergies in children: Causes, symptoms and cures for congestion, sneezing, itching

Health risks of seasonal allergies: Many people with hay fever also have asthma, and seasonal allergens can make their symptoms much worse (Image: Canva)

When a person with allergies inhales pollen, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat, triggering the release of histamines. “This reaction causes classic allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes. People with asthma may experience more severe reactions, as seasonal allergens can trigger asthma attacks, making breathing difficult,” she says.

Common symptoms of seasonal allergies:

Allergy symptoms can range from a minor irritation to a major disruption in daily life. “The most common signs include relentless sneezing, a runny or stuffy nose, watery and itchy eyes, and irritation in the sinuses, throat, or ears. Many people also experience ear congestion and postnasal drainage, making it uncomfortable to breathe or swallow,” says Dr Goyal. She adds, “In some cases, allergies can take a more serious turn, leading to headaches, shortness of breath, wheezing, or persistent coughing. Many people with hay fever also have asthma, and seasonal allergens can make their symptoms much worse.”

Also read | Home remedies for seasonal allergies: Prevent runny nose, coughing with honey, ACV and more

Tips to reduce allergens in your home

Indoor allergens are often easier to control than outdoor pollen. Dr. Goyal shares some effective tips to reduce allergens in your home:

• Wash bedding weekly in hot water to remove allergens.
• Use allergen-proof covers on pillows and mattresses.
• Remove carpets and upholstered furniture, which can trap pollen and dust.
• Keep stuffed toys out of bedrooms, especially for children prone to allergies.
• Fix leaks and clean up water damage to prevent mold growth.
• Clean humidifiers, air conditioners, and refrigerators regularly to stop mold buildup.
• Use a dehumidifier to maintain optimal indoor humidity levels.

"If your allergy symptoms flare up only during certain times of the year, you likely have seasonal allergic rhinitis. A doctor can confirm this through a physical exam, and if your symptoms are severe or keep coming back, allergy testing may be recommended. The best way to manage seasonal allergies is to limit exposure to allergens. Keeping windows closed, staying indoors on high-pollen days, using HEPA filters in air conditioners, and wearing a dust mask outside can help. Avoid cigarette smoking, as it can worsen symptoms. Some may need proper medication, while others find relief with natural remedies like quercetin (a plant flavonoid with antihistamine properties), Lactobacillus acidophilus (a probiotic found in yogurt), spirulina, and vitamin C, which may help reduce histamine levels,” she says.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.