National cancer awareness day: Doctor warns not to ignore freckles and sores on your skin; Here's why

There was a time when a healthy tan was seen as fashionable — a sign of well-being and holidays by the sea. But with medical advancements, doctors have began to notice rising cases of skin cancer linked to sun exposure.

Today, what appears to be a harmless freckle or a rough patch might in fact be an early warning sign that your skin needs urgent attention. “Skin cancer begins when normal cells change, often through damage to their DNA, and start growing uncontrollably,” says Dr. Arun Kumar Goel, Chairman, Surgical Oncology, Andromeda Cancer Hospital. “These abnormal cells may form a tumour, invade nearby tissue, or, in some cases, spread to other parts of the body.”

Dr Goel shares types of skin cancer, each with its own look and behaviour, and signs that shouldn’t be ignored:

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) – the most common type, appearing as a pearly bump or pinkish patch.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) – often a firm red bump or scaly sore that refuses to heal.
Melanoma – less common but far more dangerous, typically beginning as a changing mole.

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Dr. Goel warns that while many of these cancers can be treated easily if caught early, delay can make treatment complex. “Melanoma, especially, becomes dangerous once it spreads,” he adds gravely.
Signs your skin shouldn’t be ignored:

Dr Goel suggests you watch out for any of the following:
New growths or spots that change in colour, size, or shape.
A sore that doesn’t heal within a few weeks, or keeps bleeding.
Moles that look irregular or “different” from others.
The ABCDE rule: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour change, Diameter over 6mm, Evolving appearance.

“Itching, tenderness, or pain around a mole can also be a signal,” says Dr. Goel. “If you notice anything unusual, don’t wait. Get it checked — early detection can save lives.”

He further shares tips on how to lower your risk:

Minimise UV exposure – Stay in the shade between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
Use sunscreen daily – Choose SPF 30 or higher; reapply every two hours.
Dress smart – Wear long sleeves, wide-brimmed hats, and UV-blocking sunglasses.
Skip tanning beds – “There’s no such thing as a safe tan,” reminds Dr. Goel.Check your skin regularly – Even hidden areas like your scalp, back, and between toes.

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Awareness, says Dr. Goel, is the best protection. “Your skin is exposed to UV rays every day, protection is year-round, not just in summer,” emphasises Dr. Goel.“Simple habits can make a massive difference. Prevention is powerful.”

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.