Seasonal allergies in children: Causes, symptoms and cures for congestion, sneezing, itching

Symptoms of seasonal allergies in children include frequent sneezing and a runny nose, nasal congestion, persistent itching in eyes, nose and throat. (Image: Canva)

Seasonal allergies, also called allergic rhinitis or seasonal rhinitis, can occur throughout the year. However, they are often more severe during specific seasons when certain allergens are more prevalent. For example, pollen levels from trees, grasses, and weeds tend to spike in the spring and fall, triggering symptoms like sneezing, itching, and congestion. Being aware of the timing and sources of these allergens can help manage and minimise the allergy symptoms more effectively.

Ways to identify the triggers

To manage seasonal allergies in children, the first step is to determine what causes their symptoms. Typical triggers include pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, as well as mold spores. Parents should monitor the environmental factors that provoke allergic reactions in their children and seek guidance from a doctor on how to address them, suggests Dr Prakash Selvaperumal, MBBS, MD Paediatrics, Apollo Cradle & Children’s hospital, Chennai.

Symptoms 

Dr Selvaperumal says that recognising the symptoms of seasonal allergies in children is essential for timely intervention. Common symptoms include frequent sneezing and a runny nose, nasal congestion, persistent itching in eyes, nose and throat, increased tear production and redness in the eyes, coughing and wheezing, allergies can cause poor sleep quality, leading to daytime tiredness.

Allergy management strategies

Minimise allergens exposure: The only way to avoid allergic effects on children is to avoid exposing the child to any allergens. Staying at home during the high pollen season is the most effective approach. Pollen counts are normally at their highest in the morning and on windy days. Draw the curtains and ensure that the air conditioning is always on to reduce the chances of pollen getting into the house. Ensure that the child washes and changes his or her clothes after they have been playing, to minimise the collection of pollen.

Medical treatment: If the child exhibits allergy symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Prescribed medications and nasal drops can help relieve sneezing, itching, and runny nose. The saline drops may have the effect of reducing swellings in the nasal passage, hence providing relief from nasal congestion.

Natural remedies: Saline nasal rinses are important, especially for small children, and more so when they are having allergies or nasal mucus. One should also consume a little honey for allergy injections to build up resistance to pollen.