Executive dysfunction in kids: Signs parents often mistake for laziness

Struggling with starting tasks, time management, or organisation isn’t always laziness. Executive dysfunction in children affects focus, planning, and emotional control. Here’s what parents need to know. (Image: Pexels)

Back in the day, a child struggling to start homework or keep their room tidy would be scolded for being lazy. However, with growing awareness about childhood development, there is often more to the story. Many of these children aren’t disobedient or careless. In fact, they are struggling with something called executive functioning. It’s not about willpower, it’s about wiring. Understanding the difference could help boost a child’s confidence and emotional well-being

For many parents and teachers, complaints  about some children, ‘not doing stuff’ are all too common. But labelling them as lazy can hurt more than help. Dr Himani Narula Khanna, Developmental Behavioural Paediatrician and Co-Founder of Continua Kids, tells Moneycontrol, “what you often mistake for laziness  maybe something deeper.”

Also Read: ADHD symptoms, myths, treatment strategies of this neurodevelopmental disorder

Executive functioning is like the brain’s air traffic control system, Dr Narula explains. "It helps us plan, manage time, regulate emotions and stay focused. When a child struggles with this, everyday tasks can become overwhelming", adds Dr Khanna. These skills develop over time and continue into adolescence. But for some children—especially those with ADHD, learning disabilities or anxiety—executive dysfunction can derail their schoolwork, friendships, and routines.

What looks like laziness is often a brain-based challenge. Children with poor executive functioning may:

• Avoid starting tasks, even when they understand them
• Quickly forget instructions
• Constantly misplace books, bags or stationery
• Struggle with organising homework
• Find time management confusing
• Melt down emotionally when overwhelmed

Dr Khanna shares tips on how to help children strengthen executive function:

With patience and support, executive functioning can improve. Here’s how parents and teachers can help

Set structure and routine: Predictability helps children feel secure and reduces mental overload.

Use visual aids: Timetables, checklists and calendars help them see what’s next.

Break tasks into steps:  One big assignment feels less scary when it’s in bite-sized parts.

Teach time sense:  Use timers or visual clocks to teach pacing and planning.

Model strategies:  Show how you plan, prioritise and problem-solve. Let them watch and learn.

Celebrate progress, not perfection: “Praise the effort. Even small wins build confidence,” says Dr Khanna.

Seek professional help: If your child’s difficulties persist or disrupt learning and everyday life, professional evaluation can help.

Also Read: What is AuDHD? Psychiatrist reveals how Autism and ADHD together change daily life

FAQs on Executive Dysfunction in Kids:

1. What is executive dysfunction in children?
Executive dysfunction refers to difficulties in the brain's management abilities, impacting a child's ability to plan, manage time, regulate emotions, and stay focused.

2. How can I identify executive dysfunction in my child?
Signs include avoiding tasks, forgetting instructions, misplacing items, struggling with organisation, difficulty with time management, and emotional meltdowns.

3. Are these behaviours intentional?
No, these behaviours are not intentional. They indicate that the child’s brain is struggling to manage input, not that they lack care.

4. How can parents and teachers support children with executive dysfunction?
Support includes setting structure and routine, using visual aids, breaking tasks into steps, teaching time sense, modelling strategies, celebrating progress, and seeking professional help if needed.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for a specific health diagnosis.