ADHD symptoms, myths, treatment strategies of this neurodevelopmental disorder

ADHD in chidren: Children with ADHD are often excessively active and find it difficult to remain still, even in situations that require them to be calm (Image: Canva)

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects attention, behaviour, and impulse control. Thanks to social media, celebrity advocacy, and better public understanding of mental health, ADHD has gained significant recognition. Parents can help their children by understanding the true nature of the disorder and how to provide the right support.

While the stigma around the condition is slowly dissipating, there are still several misconceptions surrounding ADHD, says Dr Avinash G Kamath, Consultant Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist, KMC Hospital, Mangalore. “ADHD is a developmental condition that disrupts a child’s ability to focus, regulate their behaviour, and control impulses. Understanding ADHD is vital for parents to offer their children the support they need to live a better life,” he says.

Dr Kamath shares that children with ADHD typically face challenges in three key areas:

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Inattention: These children often struggle to stay focused on tasks or activities, making it difficult for them to complete projects or follow through on instructions.

Hyperactivity: Children with ADHD are often excessively active and find it difficult to remain still, even in situations that require them to be calm.

Impulsivity: This refers to the tendency to act without thinking, which can result in poor decision-making and behaviour that could have negative consequences.

These signs are often evident from an early age and can cause disruptions in a child’s daily life, both at home and in social or school settings. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation, which includes behavioural observations in different settings (home, school, etc.), interviews with parents, teachers, and caregivers, and standardised questionnaires that assess symptoms, says Dr Kamath. “Since ADHD frequently coexists with other conditions such as learning disabilities and anxiety, a specialised evaluation is often necessary to rule out other causes and ensure accurate diagnosis,” he adds.

It’s important to note that not every child who struggles with attention is necessarily dealing with ADHD. “Conditions such as anxiety, stress, or learning difficulties can sometimes look like ADHD symptoms. Nutritional deficiencies, or simply being at a developmental stage where children are naturally more active, can also mimic ADHD symptoms. Parents should be aware that a lack of attention doesn’t always signal ADHD. It could be due to emotional struggles, learning difficulties, or developmental phases,” Dr Kamath says.

Also read | Managing ADHD symptoms: Lifestyle changes crucial to controlling impulses

Speaking about the myths associated with ADHD in children, Dr Kamath tells that despite the growing awareness, several myths still persist. A couple of these include:

That sugar causes hyperactivity: Research shows that there is no clear connection between sugar consumption and the development of ADHD.

Only boys have ADHD: Girls with ADHD often exhibit symptoms differently, typically through mood disturbances or anxiety, making it harder to diagnose. It’s important to recognise that ADHD can affect both genders.

Supporting a child with ADHD requires a holistic approach. “In Indian culture, family dynamics play a significant role in ADHD management. Parents must actively engage in their child’s therapy, collaborate with schools for accommodations, and maintain open communication to address emotional and behavioral challenges effectively,” Dr Kamath opines.

He suggests some practical ways parents can support children with ADHD:

Parent-mediated therapy: Work alongside a therapist to create a customised plan that helps your child manage their behaviour.

School collaboration: Ensure that the school is aware of your child’s condition so they can provide the necessary accommodations, like extended deadlines and chunking tasks into smaller, more manageable pieces.

Outdoor activities and sports: Physical activity helps children channel their energy positively, improving focus and reducing hyperactivity.

Structured routines: Use planners and checklists to help your child stay organised. Breaking down tasks into smaller steps prevents them from feeling overwhelmed and boosts their confidence.

Medication: In more severe cases, medication may be prescribed. Monitoring the treatment is essential, as long-term medication use can provide significant improvements in managing ADHD symptoms.

Dr Kamath shares that it is essential to consult with a mental health professional if you notice that your child’s attention issues are affecting their academic performance or social relationships. Early intervention is key to improving outcomes and preventing future struggles. He adds, “The earlier you seek help, the better the long-term results. ADHD doesn’t have to limit your child’s potential, and early support can empower them to succeed in every aspect of life.”

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.