Symptoms of ADHD: Restlessness, impatience are signs of this neurodevelopmental disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person's ability to pay attention, control impulses, and remain organised. (Image: Canva)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person's ability to pay attention, control impulses, and remain organized. It's often characterised by a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. While ADHD can be diagnosed at any age, it's most commonly diagnosed in childhood.

Symptoms of ADHD

ADHD can show up in various ways, but common symptoms include:

Inattention:

• Difficulty paying attention to details or making careless mistakes
• Trouble staying focused on tasks or activities
• Difficulty listening when spoken to directly
• Often forgetting things or losing items
• Being easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
• Avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort
• Having trouble organising tasks and activities

• Fidgeting or squirming in their seat.
• Restlessness or inability to sit still.
• Running or climbing excessively in inappropriate situations.
• Difficulty playing quietly.
• Being often on the go or always seeming to be "on the move".
• Talking excessively.

• Blurting out answers before questions are finished.
• Difficulty waiting their turn.
• Interrupting others or intruding on conversations.
• Impatience.
• Engaging in risky behaviours.

Types of ADHD

ADHD can be classified into three primary types:

• Combined type: Exhibits both inattention and hyperactivity.
• Inattentive type: Characterised by inattention symptoms.
• Hyperactive-impulsive type: Characterised by hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms.

While the exact causes of ADHD are not fully understood, it's believed to be a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Some potential risk factors include:

• Genetics: ADHD often runs in families.
• Brain differences: Studies have shown structural and functional differences in the brains of individuals with ADHD.
• Environmental factors: Exposure to certain toxins or prenatal factors may increase the risk.

Diagnosing ADHD involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, often a paediatrician, psychiatrist, or psychologist. This may include a detailed history, behavioural assessments, and sometimes neuropsychological testing.

Treatment for ADHD typically involves a combination of medication and behavioural therapy. Stimulant medications are often prescribed to help improve attention, reduce impulsivity, and decrease hyperactivity. Behavioural therapy can help individuals with ADHD learn coping strategies, improve organisational skills, and manage their emotions.

Living with ADHD

Individuals with ADHD face challenges in various aspects of life, including school, work, and relationships. But with appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and support, they can lead fulfilling lives. It's important to remember that ADHD is not a personal failure but a medical condition that can be effectively managed.