SpaDeX, India's final space mission for 2024: How ISRO will dock 2 satellites in space with PSLV rocket's round design

This ambitious project will take place on December 30, 2024, under the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX). (Image: ISRO)

India’s space agency, ISRO, is set to achieve a significant milestone in space technology. The upcoming SpaDeX mission aims to dock two satellites in space, a challenge only mastered by a few countries. This ambitious project will take place on December 30, 2024, under the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX).

The mission marks India’s entry into the exclusive group of nations capable of mastering space docking. A unique approach, the PSLV rocket, will launch two satellites equipped with the 'Bhartiya Docking System' to demonstrate this complex feat. ISRO’s pioneering efforts with this mission show the agency's commitment to advancing its space programme.

PSLV Rocket's Modified Design for Efficient Launches
The PSLV rocket has undergone key modifications to improve its performance. Traditionally a workhorse for ISRO, the rocket has been upgraded to meet increasing launch demands. The changes include a round protective hood covering the payload, instead of the usual payload fairing.

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The modifications help streamline the process and allow for more efficient assembly at the First Launch Pad (FLP). This approach aligns ISRO’s practices with international standards, making it better prepared for future launches and missions. The SpaDeX mission will use the PSLV rocket for the docking experiment.

The Complex Science of Space Docking
In the near vacuum of space, ISRO will attempt to dock two satellites orbiting at speeds of 28,800 km/h. This is a challenging task, as both satellites must be carefully manoeuvred to reduce their relative velocities to a mere 0.036 km/h. The two satellites, designated 'Chaser' and 'Target', will merge to form a single unit in space, according to a report by NDTV.

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The technology used for this mission is called the Bhartiya Docking System. It complies with the International Docking System Standard (IDSS) developed by NASA. Interestingly, ISRO has patented this system, which features fewer motors than the IDSS, enhancing its efficiency.

Importance for India's Future Space Plans
The success of this mission is vital for India’s future space ambitions. Docking technology is key for long-term missions like Chandrayaan-4 and the planned Indian space station. It is also crucial for the eventual manned Gaganyaan mission.

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ISRO’s achievement will place India among the world’s space leaders, marking a step towards greater space exploration and innovation. SpaDeX is a significant milestone that paves the way for more complex space missions in the coming years.