ISRO is all set to launch the NISAR satellite in 2025 with NASA; here's how it will revolutionise Earth imaging

NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) Satellite (Image: NASA)

In March 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will launch the NISAR satellite, a major milestone in global space collaboration. The 2.8-tonne satellite will be launched aboard the GSLV Mk-II rocket.

NISAR is a joint effort between ISRO and NASA, part of a ₹5,000-crore collaboration initiated in 2009. Initially, NASA sought German involvement but later partnered with ISRO after successful Indian missions like Chandrayaan-1 and RISAT-2. The mission officially began in 2014, solidifying the two nations' partnership.

What Makes NISAR Unique?
NISAR is a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite designed to capture detailed Earth images. Unlike traditional satellites, it emits radio signals to create images, allowing operations in darkness and bad weather. This capability ensures reliable imaging even through dense vegetation.

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The satellite will track subtle Earth surface changes, detecting shifts as small as an inch. Its capabilities will aid infrastructure assessments, such as dams and bridges, and contribute to climate research by observing ice sheets and vegetation changes.

Advanced Technology and Data Management
NISAR has a 12-day revisit cycle, covering the same area every twelve days. It features a 240 km swath width and 10-metre resolution. Equipped with L-band (from NASA) and S-band (from ISRO) radars, it balances penetration and high-resolution imaging. Its digital beam-forming technology ensures efficient scanning and improved image clarity.

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The satellite is expected to generate 26 terabits of data daily, supported by a streamlined data management system. These capabilities will enhance disaster management, improve Earth observation, and support climate research.

With NISAR’s launch, ISRO and NASA will set a new benchmark for international cooperation in space exploration.