Thyroid disorders: Everything you need to know about hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

Cure for thyroid disorders: A diet rich in antioxidants, selenium, and zinc supports thyroid health. Foods such as nuts, seeds, and leafy greens are helpful (Image: Canva)

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common thyroid disorders that significantly affect metabolism. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like weight gain, fatigue, and depression. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, is marked by an overactive thyroid gland that produces excessive thyroid hormones, causing symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and irritability.

Hypothyroidism is often caused by autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include iodine deficiency, certain medications, and radiation therapy. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism can result from conditions such as Graves' disease, where the immune system stimulates the thyroid to produce too much hormone, or from nodules on the thyroid gland that produce excess hormones. Both conditions can also be influenced by genetic factors.

Understanding and addressing the factors that contribute to thyroid disorders is essential for maintaining thyroid health. Here is how you can prevent thyroid disorders:

Regular screening: Prevention is cure. Regular screening can help detect thyroid imbalances early. The American Thyroid Association recommends testing every five years starting at age 35, or more frequently if you have risk factors.

Iodine is essential: In order to improve thyroid hormone production, Iodine is essential. Ensure that your diet includes adequate iodine, found in foods like dairy, seafood, and iodized salt. However, excessive iodine can trigger hyperthyroidism, so balance is key.

Eat proper diet: A diet rich in antioxidants, selenium, and zinc supports thyroid health. Foods such as nuts, seeds, and leafy greens are helpful. Avoid excessive consumption of goitrogenic foods like soy and cruciferous vegetables, which can interfere with thyroid function when consumed in large quantities.

Regulate hormones: Physical activity helps regulate hormone levels and can reduce stress, which is known to affect thyroid function. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.

Avoid  toxins: Environmental toxins, such as perchlorate and thiocyanate, can disrupt thyroid function. Limit exposure by using filtered water and avoiding tobacco smoke.

Manage stress: Chronic stress can impact thyroid function. Practices like yoga, meditation, breathing exercises and mindfulness can help manage stress levels and support thyroid health.

Adequate sleep: Quality sleep is vital for hormonal balance. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night to support your health, including thyroid function.