National Anaemia Day 2025: Causes, symptoms and how to prevent iron-deficiency anaemia

Symptoms of iron-deficiency anaemia include pale skin, dizziness, cold hands and feet, and shortness of breath, among others (Image: Canva)

Haemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. When the body doesn’t have enough iron to produce haemoglobin, it results in anaemia.

When iron levels are too low, oxygen delivery is compromised, leading to fatigue, weakness, and other health issues.

India observes National Anemia Day on March 21 each year. This day is marked as a reminder of  the health challenges posed by iron deficiency anaemia and the importance of early detection, proper treatment, and preventive measures to combat anaemia. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), haemoglobin is essential for oxygen transport and its deficiency can result in reduced oxygen supply to tissues. As a result, people with this condition often experience fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath. The condition usually develops gradually. At first, the body's iron stores are depleted, and if left unchecked, it progresses into full-blown anaemia.

Also read | Iron deficiency: Add these 8 iron-rich foods in your daily diet to boost immunity, energy

Symptoms of iron-deficiency anaemia:

Symptoms of iron-deficiency anaemia depend on its severity. While some may feel slightly more tired than usual, others experience more noticeable effects such as pale skin, dizziness, cold hands and feet, and shortness of breath. In more serious cases, symptoms like headaches, chest pain, and brittle nails are seen. Many people don’t notice symptoms in the early stages. This includes pregnant women, those with heavy menstrual cycles, and people with chronic illnesses. Studies suggest that if untreated, these symptoms can worsen, making everyday activities more difficult.

Causes of iron-deficiency anaemia:

Iron-deficiency anaemia can be caused by several factors. Blood loss is one of the most common reasons. As per NHLBI this can happen due to heavy menstrual periods, gastrointestinal bleeding from ulcers or inflammatory bowel disease, or blood loss from surgery. Certain medications may also contribute by causing internal bleeding.

Another major cause is poor iron absorption, which can occur in people with celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or those who have undergone weight-loss surgery. Additionally, dietary deficiencies also play a role, especially for vegetarians, vegans, or young children transitioning to solid foods who may not be getting enough iron.

Also read | Iron deficiency anemia: Pair these iron-rich foods with Vitamin C-rich options in daily diet

How to prevent iron-deficiency anaemia:

A balanced diet rich in iron can help maintain healthy levels. Preventing iron-deficiency anaemia starts with addressing its root causes. Managing blood loss and ensuring proper iron intake are key steps. Some of the best iron-rich foods include lean red meat, beans, dark leafy greens, iron-fortified cereals, and dried fruits.

Vitamin C is also essential, as it helps the body absorb iron. Consuming citrus fruits, tomatoes, and bell peppers alongside iron-rich foods can improve absorption. Iron requirements vary based on age, gender, and health.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.