Causes of chronic cough, shortness of breath: Blame your AC for these lung-related diseases

Asthma causes: For people with asthma, the cold, dry air produced by air conditioning can trigger bronchoconstriction, causing involuntary tightening of the airway muscles (Image: Canva)

The rampant use of air conditioning in modern life offers relief from heat and humidity, but it also comes with lung-related health risks. Prolonged exposure to AC can lead to poor indoor air quality, as allergens, dust, and mold accumulate in stagnant air. This can worsen respiratory issues like asthma and allergies. Additionally, the cold, dry air from AC units may irritate airways and trigger breathing difficulties. Over time, these factors can contribute to chronic respiratory problems and reduced lung function.

Air conditioning systems offer a refreshing escape from heat and humidity, making indoor environments more comfortable during sweltering temperatures, says Dr Sachinkumar S. Dole, Consultant Pulmonologist at DPU Super Speciality Hospital in Pimpri, Pune. “However, while these units provide comfort, they can also harbour hidden health risks, especially when used for extended periods, particularly concerning lung health,” he says.

Here are the risks associated with prolonged air conditioning use, highlighted by Dr Dole: 

• Indoor air quality issues and allergic reactions: Extended indoor time can lead to neglect of AC units, resulting in dust and allergens circulating in the air. Poor indoor air quality can lead to discomfort, manifesting as dry, sore throats and increased allergy symptoms.

• Increased risk of asthma attacks: For people with asthma, the cold, dry air produced by air conditioning can trigger bronchoconstriction, causing involuntary tightening of the airway muscles. This reaction can lead to difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing, exacerbating asthma symptoms.

• Chronic lung conditions: Poor indoor air quality increases the risk of chronic lung issues, such as chronic bronchitis. Long-term exposure to pollutants can exacerbate existing respiratory conditions and lead to serious health concerns.

• Sick building syndrome: Neglecting regular maintenance of air conditioning systems can result in an accumulation of biological pollutants, leading to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Symptoms of SBS include coughs, wheezing, and shortness of breath, affecting overall well-being.

• Heat stress and poor ventilation: The frequent shifts between hot outdoor temperatures and cold indoor air can stress the respiratory system. This rapid change may trigger bronchoconstriction or other respiratory symptoms. Poorly ventilated spaces can also cause an increase in carbon dioxide levels, leading to faintness, headaches, and shortness of breath.

• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Prolonged exposure to mold and bacteria in neglected air conditioning systems can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis, an inflammatory response in the lungs. Symptoms may include persistent cough, fever, and dyspnea, worsening with continued exposure.

• Cleaning and replacing filters: Regular maintenance of filters reduces dust and allergens in the air.

• Humidity control: Maintaining appropriate humidity levels helps prevent the growth of mold and other harmful pathogens.

• Ventilation: Ensuring good air circulation and introducing outside air can decrease indoor contaminants and allergens.