Early symptoms of lung disease: Pulmonologist warns how cold air and pollution puts stress on your lungs

Symptoms of lung disease: Persistent throat tickle, a dry hacking cough, and shortness of breath during daily activities can be the body’s way of waving a red flag (Image: Pexels)

If you think the worst of winter is just frostbite or a sniffle, think again. The mix of plummeting temperatures and rising pollution levels is a perfect storm for your lungs. “Cold air dries the airways and pollutants sneak deep into the lungs, triggering inflammation and fatigue,” explains Dr Sushil Kumar Upadhyay, Consultant Pulmonologist, Kailash Deepak Hospital.

Breathing in icy air might feel refreshing, but it’s a hidden strain on your respiratory system. “Cold, dry air dries out the nasal passages and trachea, weakening your body’s natural defences,” Dr Upadhyay tells Moneycontrol. He adds that the tiny hair-like structures called cilia, which sweep out dust and pathogens, struggle to work in these conditions. “Meanwhile, pollution, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), nitrogen dioxide, ozone—penetrates deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and oxidative stress. The result? Your lungs get tired, irritated, and more prone to infection,” the expert says.

The early signs are subtle and most  people mistake them for a normal cold or tiredness. “Persistent throat tickle, a dry hacking cough, and shortness of breath during daily activities can be the body’s way of waving a red flag. Ignoring them allows minor irritation to escalate into serious respiratory issues, especially in people with asthma or COPD,” says Dr Upadhyay.

Also read | Why lung disease isn’t just a smoker’s problem and how India can close the care gap

Symptoms of lung disease

• Dry or scratchy throat: Irritation caused by cold, dry air and pollutants
• Subtle breathlessness on exertion: Getting winded climbing stairs or carrying groceries
• Excessive throat clearing or sticky mucus: Overactive goblet cells reacting to irritants
• Nagging dry cough: A reflex to protect airways from harmful particles
• Chronic fatigue: Low-grade systemic inflammation makes your body feel drained

Tips to fight back and protect your lungs:

• Check the local Air-Quality Index (AQI) before heading outdoors
• Avoid heavy exercise on high pollution days
• Wear properly fitted N95 or FFP2 mask when you go out
• Use a HEPA filter and humidifier indoors to clean and moisten air
• Drink plenty of water and stay hydrated to keep functional

When to see a doctor

FAQs on Symptoms of Lung Diseases

1. What are common symptoms of lung diseases?

Persistent dry cough, breathlessness, chronic fatigue, a dry or scratchy throat, and excessive throat clearing are common signs.

2. Can cold air affect my lungs?

Yes, cold air can dry out nasal passages and the trachea, weakening your body’s natural defences and making your lungs more prone to infections.

3. How does pollution impact lung health?

Pollutants like PM 2.5 and nitrogen dioxide penetrate deep into the lungs, causing inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased susceptibility to respiratory issues.

4. When should I see a doctor for lung symptoms?

See a doctor if symptoms persist for over a week or if you experience wheezing, chest pain, fever, or difficulty breathing.

5. What precautions can I take to protect my lungs?

Check the local AQI, avoid heavy exercise on high pollution days, wear an N95 or FFP2 mask outdoors, use a HEPA filter and humidifier indoors, and stay hydrated.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.