How to prevent stroke risk in women: Hormonal changes and lifestyle choices are biggest triggers

Stroke risk in women: High blood pressure is one of the biggest causes of stroke in both men and women, but it’s especially common in older women, particularly after menopause (Image: Canva)

A sudden disruption in the blood supply to the brain, leading to brain cell damage, can cause a stroke. This can happen due to either a blockage in the blood vessels (ischemic stroke) or the rupture of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). When brain cells don't receive enough oxygen and nutrients, they begin to die, which can lead to permanent brain damage or even death. A stroke can cause sudden numbness or weakness, particularly on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, and confusion. You might also notice sudden vision problems, dizziness, or trouble walking. If you or someone you know experiences any of these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.

For women, the symptoms of a stroke can sometimes present differently compared to men. Hormonal changes in women play a significant role in increasing stroke risk. The use of birth control pills, especially those with higher levels of estrogen, can lead to blood clots that increase the chances of stroke. Migraines with aura, a common condition in women, also increase stroke risk, especially when combined with smoking or the use of birth control pills. These factors combine in unique ways, making women more vulnerable to strokes at different stages of life.

Also read | Brain stroke: Symptoms, treatment, prevention strategies

For women, understanding the unique risk factors for stroke and addressing them proactively can make a huge difference in prevention and recovery, says Dr Vinit Banga, Director of Neurology & Neurovascular Intervention at Fortis Faridabad. "Taking control of lifestyle habits, managing underlying health conditions, and staying vigilant about hormonal changes can help lower the risk of stroke in women," he says.

Dr Banga shares the key risk factors for stroke in women:

• Changes during pregnancy: When a woman is pregnant, her body goes through major changes, like increased blood volume, which can put extra pressure on the blood vessels. Conditions like preeclampsia (high blood pressure) and gestational diabetes can make stroke risk higher during and after pregnancy. Women with these conditions need to be closely monitored by their doctors.

• Hormonal changes after menopause: After menopause, estrogen levels drop, which can affect heart and blood vessel health, increasing the risk of stroke. Postmenopausal women are more likely to have high blood pressure, which is another big risk factor for stroke.

• Hypertension: High blood pressure is one of the biggest causes of stroke in both men and women, but it’s especially common in older women, particularly after menopause. Keeping blood pressure under control with regular check-ups, exercise, and medications can help reduce the risk of stroke.

• Irregular heartbeat: Atrial fibrillation (AFib), which is an irregular heartbeat, is more common in older women. This condition can lead to blood clots that can travel to the brain and cause a stroke. Treating AFib with medication can help lower the risk of stroke.

• Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for stroke. It damages the blood vessels and increases the chances of blood clots forming. Quitting smoking can greatly reduce the risk of having a stroke.

• Obesity and lack of exercise: Being overweight or not getting enough exercise can raise the chances of having a stroke. It can lead to problems like high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Staying active and maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet can help reduce stroke risk.

• Drinking too much alcohol: Drinking alcohol in large amounts can raise blood pressure and contribute to weight gain, both of which increase the risk of stroke. Cutting back on alcohol can help protect your heart and blood vessels.