World Down Syndrome Day 2025: Causes, symptoms and the importance of early intervention

World Down Syndrome Day: Common health concerns of children with Down Syndrome include congenital heart defects, respiratory issues, hearing loss, and thyroid disorders (Image: Canva)

Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome 21, affecting physical and cognitive development. Children with Down syndrome may take longer to speak and learn. Nevertheless, early support can help improve their skills and quality of life.

The World Down Syndrome Day is marked every year on March 21 to highlight the importance of awareness, early diagnosis, and access to medical and educational support for people with the condition. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Down syndrome may lead to developmental delays, unique physical traits, and potential health challenges.

Down Syndrome affects a child's physical growth and cognitive development. While early intervention can significantly improve their condition, many children remain undiagnosed or don't have access to necessary therapies, says Dr Pooja Anand, Associate Consultant, Neurology, Paras Health, Gurugram. “Children with Down Syndrome often exhibit distinct facial features, low muscle tone, and delayed developmental milestones. Other common health concerns include congenital heart defects, respiratory issues, hearing loss, and thyroid disorders,” she says.

Also read | World Down Syndrome Day: How to support patients living with the disorder

Studies from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggests  that early therapy, including physiotherapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy, plays a vital role in improving motor skills, communication, and cognitive abilities. “Timely diagnosis, along with specialised education and therapy, can help those with Down Syndrome lead fulfilling lives. However, in many regions, limited awareness and lack of access to healthcare facilities hinder early support,” adds Dr Anand.

Children with Down Syndrome thrive in inclusive educational settings where they receive personalised learning strategies. “Many countries have developed specialised educational programmes to integrate children with Down Syndrome into mainstream schools. Community support groups also help families navigate the challenges of raising a child with special needs,” suggests Dr Anand.

She adds that while  there is no cure for Down Syndrome, research is advancing in areas such as gene therapy and stem cell research to explore ways to improve cognitive function and health outcomes. “Additionally, genetic counseling is recommended for families planning pregnancies, especially those with a history of chromosomal abnormalities,” she says.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.