What is textile dermatitis? How synthetic fabrics like polyester and nylon can irritate your skin

Itching, rashes, or redness from clothes? Learn about textile dermatitis, the overlooked skin allergy caused by synthetic fabrics, and discover safer clothing choices. (Image: Pexels)

You choose clothes that look good on you and also pleasing to the eyes. Besides, you may select your outfit based on how a fabric feels on your skin, a sweater that keeps you warm, a cotton kurta that keeps you cool, or pyjamas that you can wear all day. However, many a time people wear clothes that may cause itching, rashes, or allergies. Doctors are now seeing a quiet rise in textile dermatitis, a reaction to fabrics and the chemicals used in their making, especially as synthetic fibres dominate wardrobes.

Skin is the first line of defence against the outside world, and clothing is its closest companion. But modern wardrobes lean heavily on man-made fabrics like polyester, nylon, and spandex, which are light on the pocket, but not always gentle on the skin. “Synthetic fabrics often trap sweat and heat, creating the perfect conditions for irritation,” explains Dr Ruben Bhasin Passi, Consultant, Dermatology, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram. Add the dyes, resins, and chemical finishes used in processing, and they become potent triggers for allergic rashes.

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Dr Passi reveals certain culprits that appear again and again: wrinkle-resistant formaldehyde resins, azo and disperse dyes (especially in dark clothing), and elastic spandex. Heat and friction from tight clothing make things worse, particularly in humid Indian weather. The result can be itching, redness, or even blistering, often around the waist, underarms, neck, or thighs — wherever fabric clings. “Parents sometimes confuse these rashes with prickly heat or fungal infections, but a detailed history often reveals a fabric allergy,” says Dr Passi.

Dr Passi explains textile dermatitis and synthetic allergies: 

Natural is kinder: Opt for cotton, bamboo, or linen, fabrics that breathe, absorb sweat, and are less chemically treated. These choices reduce the burden on sensitive skin.

Wash before you wear: New clothes often carry residual dyes and resins. Washing them helps cut down the first exposure to irritants.

Look at detergents too: Strong washing powders can add to irritation. Switching to mild, fragrance-free detergents can make a difference.

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Avoid tight synthetic outfits: Skin friction increases with close-fitting polyester or nylon clothes, especially in summer. Looser garments reduce sweat build-up and irritation.

When symptoms persist: Dermatologists may recommend patch testing to identify exact allergens, followed by calming creams or antihistamines. “The goal is not to fear fabrics, but to make informed choices,” says Dr Passi.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.