Tobacco effects on women's health: Here's why it's time to quit, for good

Tobacco brings a host of harmful chemicals into the body, which can throw off the delicate hormonal balance that women need to maintain regular menstrual cycles and proper ovulation. This hormonal disruption can lead to irregular periods, problems with fertility, and in some cases, difficulties conceiving altogether.

Even small amounts of tobacco can have a significant impact, making it harder for the body to function as it should when it comes to reproductive health. Says Dr Varsha Agarwal, Consultant, Fertility & IVF Specialist at Motherhood Fertility & IVF, Noida, “Tobacco consumption, even in small quantities, can significantly reduce a woman’s fertility potential. It alters hormone levels, affects the fallopian tubes, and even damages the eggs, making conception more difficult.”

What’s alarming is that many women may not see the impact immediately, but over time, the damage builds – often showing up when they try to start a family.

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• Reduces egg quality and ovarian reserve: 

Toxic substances like nicotine and carbon monoxide can lead to premature ageing of the ovaries. “This means fewer eggs and poorer quality ones, which significantly lowers the chances of successful conception,” explains Dr Agarwal.

• Interferes with regular menstrual cycles:

Women who smoke may notice irregular periods or even early onset menopause. This disrupts ovulation and narrows the fertile window. Over time, it becomes increasingly difficult to predict or plan pregnancies.

• Increases risk of ectopic pregnancy and other complications:

Smoking has been linked to conditions like ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, and placental abruption. “These are serious complications. They not only endanger the pregnancy but also pose risks to the mother’s health,” warns Dr Agarwal.

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• Impacts fetal development:

Even if conception occurs, smoking during pregnancy affects the baby. Risks include low birth weight, premature delivery, and stillbirth. The harmful chemicals pass through the placenta, directly affecting fetal growth.

• Affects breastfeeding:

Tobacco doesn't stop affecting your baby after birth. “Chemicals from tobacco are transferred through breast milk. This can compromise the baby’s immune system and lead to frequent illness or poor weight gain,” says Dr Agarwal.

Quitting improves your fertility and pregnancy outcomes:

It’s never too late. “Quitting tobacco even during pregnancy can greatly reduce health risks for both mother and baby. It restores hormonal balance, improves egg quality, and supports a healthy pregnancy journey,” Dr Agarwal says.

Seek support and counselling:

There is help available. From nicotine replacement therapies to support groups and counselling, women should explore these options. Making the decision to quit is the first, and most important, step.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.