Avoid chronic diseases and infections in ageing adults with these rheumatologist-approved tips

Healthy ageing: Weak immune system in old age opens the door to a rise in chronic illnesses, particularly autoimmune conditions where the body starts attacking itself (Image: Pexels)

Ageing is often considered as a visible process. It is when the hair turns grey, the steps slowdown, and the joints feel tired. However, one of the most important changes happens invisibly: This is the time when your immune system begins to weaken, and deteriorate progressively. This natural decline, known as immunosenescence, can make older adults more prone to infections and chronic diseases.

September is Healthy Ageing Month, and before the month comes to a close, it’s a timely reminder to check in on how we’re ageing. From our 50s onward, our immune system's ability to respond to threats, whether bacteria, viruses, or abnormal cells, begins to decline.

What is Immunosenescence?

Immunosenescence means the immune system is less quick and less effective at protecting the body. Dr Sanjiv Kapoor, Senior Consulting Rheumatologist, the Indian Spinal Injury Centre, Vasant Kunj, Delhi, tells Moneycontrol, “This is a normal part of ageing but it leaves adults more vulnerable to infections and complications.”

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This weakening of the immune response, he says, opens the door to a rise in chronic illnesses, particularly autoimmune conditions where the body starts attacking itself. “These illnesses can be debilitating and difficult to manage, especially when treatment involves further suppressing the immune system,” the expert says.

Older adults living with autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus face a complex dilemma. “Their immune system is already malfunctioning — and the medications used to manage inflammation weaken it further. Shingles is especially concerning,” warns Dr Kapoor. He adds, “Because it can flare up due to the weakened immune system, causing severe pain and even doubling stroke risk in these patients.”

Infections like influenza, pneumonia, and shingles are more frequent and dangerous in this group. Dr Kapoor notes that flu infections can be nearly three times more common and more likely to lead to hospitalisation or life-threatening complications.

India’s older population is expanding faster than ever. “This demographic shift means millions more are exposed to the risks posed by a weaker immune system. Nevertheless, awareness remains very low. As a result, silent public health crisis, where preventable infections turn deadly simply because the early signs of immune decline go unrecognised,” Dr Kapoor shares.

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Vaccination and lifestyle changes for healthy ageing:

Vaccination is a vital shield for older adults, especially those with chronic illnesses. Dr Kapoor stresses, “Vaccines against flu, pneumonia, and shingles can be life-saving. They train the immune system to fight back before infections can take hold.”

And it’s not just about vaccines. “Being proactive is key. Don’t wait for illness to strike; take charge of your health now,” says Dr Kapoor.

Lifestyle steps that will help

Dr Kapoor suggests the following lifestyle changes to help seniors live a more fulfilling life.

• Eat a nutrient-rich diet. It should include  a variety of fruits, vegetables, and proteins
• Stay active with regular, moderate exercise
• Manage stress, which can suppress immune function
• Quit smoking and control alcohol intake
• Do not miss the vaccines and medical check-ups

1. What is immunosenescence?

Immunosenescence refers to the gradual weakening of the immune system as we age, making older adults more susceptible to infections and chronic diseases.

2. Why are vaccinations important for older adults?

Vaccinations against flu, pneumonia, and shingles are crucial for older adults, especially those with chronic illnesses, as they help the immune system fight infections more effectively.

3. What lifestyle changes can help maintain a healthy immune system in older adults?

To keep the immune system strong, older adults should eat a nutrient-rich diet, exercise regularly, manage stress, avoid smoking, limit alcohol intake, and stay up-to-date with vaccines and medical check-ups.

4. How does stress affect the immune system in older adults?

Stress can suppress immune function, making it harder for the body to fight infections and increasing the risk of illness in older adults.

5. How can older adults proactively manage their health?

Older adults should take charge of their health by adopting a healthy lifestyle, getting regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, managing stress, and ensuring they receive recommended vaccinations and medical check-ups.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for a specific health diagnosis.