5 adverse impacts of e-cigarettes: Immune suppression, gut and oral health, more

The heating elements in e-cigarettes can cause chemical reactions that create new compounds not originally present in the e-liquid. These new compounds can be harmful when inhaled. (Image: Canva)

Electronic cigarettes, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vapes, are battery-operated devices designed to deliver nicotine, flavourings, and other chemicals to users in the form of an aerosol. Introduced as an alternative to traditional smoking, e-cigarettes have gained popularity for their perceived lower health risks and as a tool for smoking cessation.

Despite their popularity, e-cigarettes have sparked significant debate and research due to emerging evidence of potential health risks, including respiratory, cardiovascular, and developmental impacts. Here are some unknown health risks of using e-cigarettes listed by Delhi-based pulmonologist Niraj Sridhar.

Immune suppression: Vaping may impair the body's immune response, potentially making users more susceptible to infections such as colds, flu, and respiratory infections. This is because the chemicals in e-cigarette vapor can affect immune cells and their ability to fight off pathogens.

Gut and oral health: E-cigarette use can alter the natural balance of microbial communities (microbiome) in the mouth and gut. This imbalance, known as dysbiosis, can lead to various health problems. Dysbiosis can contribute to oral health issues like gum disease and systemic conditions like gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation.

Potential for long-term respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): While acute respiratory issues related to e-cigarette use are documented, the potential for long-term respiratory diseases like COPD is still being studied. COPD is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe and is usually caused by long-term exposure to irritants that damage the lungs.

Effects on brain development: The adolescent brain is still developing, and exposure to nicotine from e-cigarettes during this critical period can impact brain development, affecting cognitive functions and behaviour. Potential issues include impaired learning and memory, increased risk of addiction to other substances, and mental health problems like anxiety and depression.

Chemical reactions within the device: The heating elements in e-cigarettes can cause chemical reactions that create new compounds not originally present in the e-liquid. These new compounds can be harmful when inhaled. Some of these newly formed toxins might include formaldehyde and acrolein, which are known to be harmful to the respiratory system and potentially carcinogenic.

These emerging health hazards highlight the necessity to control e-cigarette use. As the technology and formulations evolve, it is crucial to monitor and evaluate their impact on public health.