NASA scientists believe Freya Castle might have formed from volcanic processes. (Image: NASA)

NASA’s Perseverance rover has stumbled upon an intriguing rock in Jezero Crater, sparking excitement among scientists. The striped rock, nicknamed ‘Freya Castle’, could reveal vital clues about Mars' volcanic past and origins.

Spotted on 13th September 2024, Perseverance captured images of the rock while using its Mastcam-Z instrument. Despite the rock’s small size — just 7.9 inches (20cm) across — initial analysis suggests it may have volcanic or metamorphic origins. Its unusual appearance stands out in contrast to the surrounding landscape of nondescript Martian rocks and pebbles.

Could ‘Freya Castle’ Be Volcanic in Nature?

NASA scientists believe Freya Castle might have formed from volcanic processes. Early measurements indicate igneous or metamorphic activity, but more detailed analysis is needed. However, one question remains — how did this rock arrive at its current location?

One hypothesis is that Freya Castle may have rolled down from an outcropping higher up the crater wall. Perseverance scientists hope future observations will reveal more about its origin as the rover continues its uphill journey.

Freya Castle isn't Perseverance’s only strange discovery. Earlier this year, the rover found a boulder nicknamed ‘Atoko Point’ in a field known as Mount Washburn. Unlike its darker neighbours, Atoko Point was brighter and had a speckled texture. It is composed of pyroxene and feldspar, both common in volcanic rocks on Earth.

Perseverance’s Fourth Science Campaign

These discoveries are part of Perseverance’s ongoing mission to study the Jezero Crater. The rover is searching for evidence of carbonate and olivine deposits, which could provide insights into Mars’ ancient, wetter climate.

As Perseverance continues its exploration, scientists remain hopeful it will uncover more of Mars’ secrets hidden in these unique rocks.