Difference between acne and fungal skin issues, everything you need to know

Acne causes: Acne stems from blocked pores and bacterial influence, influenced by genetics and hormones. Fungal infections thrive in warm, moist environments and from contact with fungi like dermatophytes and yeasts (Image: Canva)

Do you notice whiteheads, blackheads, pimples, or cysts on your skin? These lesions, common in acne, can be red, swollen, and painful, with severe cases leading to painful nodules and scarring. Acne can be inflammatory, causing redness and swelling, or non-inflammatory, with whiteheads and blackheads.

In contrast, fungal infections manifest as red, scaly, itchy patches, sometimes forming ring-shaped lesions. The skin may crack, peel, become painful, and blister, with persistent itching often causing significant discomfort and social embarrassment.

Causes and triggers:

Acne stems from blocked pores and bacterial influence, influenced by genetics and hormones. Fungal infections thrive in warm, moist environments and from contact with fungi like dermatophytes and yeasts.

Says Dr Aparna Santhanam, Consultant Dermatologist at P. D. Hinduja Hospital & MRC, "Acne is primarily caused by the blockage of hair follicles and oil glands, influenced by bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes." She adds that genetic and hormonal factors play a significant role, alongside triggers like hormonal changes, medications, and lifestyle factors such as diet and stress. In contrast, fungal infections, caused by fungi like dermatophytes (eg., Tinea species) and yeasts (eg., Candida), are typically triggered by warm, moist environments, poor hygiene, compromised immune systems, and close contact with infected individuals or surfaces.

Dr Santhanam suggests some precautions to manage acne and fungal infections during the monsoon season:

For acne:

Wash your face twice daily with a gentle cleanser: This helps remove excess oil, dirt, and impurities that can clog pores and lead to acne.

Avoid touching your face with dirty hands: Touching your face transfers bacteria and oils from your hands, which can aggravate acne.

Choose skincare and makeup products labeled as non-comedogenic: These products are designed not to clog pores, reducing the risk of acne breakouts.

Keep your skin dry and avoid excessive sweating: Sweat can mix with oils and bacteria on your skin, potentially causing clogged pores and acne.

Shower promptly after sweating: This helps remove oil, dirt, and bacteria from your skin, preventing pore blockages.

Maintain a balanced diet and stay hydrated: A balanced diet supports overall skin health and can help regulate oil production. Reduce sugar and dairy intake and drink plenty of water. High sugar and dairy consumption can sometimes exacerbate acne, so moderating these can help manage breakouts.

For fungal infections:

Dry your skin thoroughly after bathing: Moisture trapped in skin folds, especially in folds and between toes, can create an ideal environment for fungal growth. Using antifungal powder can help keep these areas dry and inhibit fungi.

Opt for loose, breathable clothing and footwear: This helps prevent moisture buildup, reducing the risk of fungal infections, particularly in warm and humid conditions.

Do not share towels, clothes, or footwear: Fungi can spread through shared items, so using personal items exclusively minimises the risk of transmission.

Use antifungal powders or sprays: These products, when used on prone areas like feet and groin, help keep these areas dry and prevent fungal infections by creating a hostile environment for fungi.

Change out of wet clothes and shoes: Reducing prolonged moisture exposure by changing out of wet items helps prevent fungal infections, as fungi thrive in moist environments.