Acne, eczema, psoriasis and more: Causes, symptoms and treatment tips for 13 common skin problems

Causes of acne breakouts: Acne occurs when skin follicles get blocked with oil, dead cells, and bacteria. This build-up causes swelling, leading to pimples and inflammation (Image: Canva)

Do you often find yourself ignoring sudden flare-ups, unexplained itching, or new spots on your skin? Many people dismiss these issues, hoping they’ll disappear on their own. However, skin conditions often reflect what’s happening inside the body, whether it’s hormonal changes, allergic reactions, or immune system dysfunction.

Leaving these signs untreated for too long may turn a mild skin concern into something more severe and difficult to manage. Learning to spot the early warning signs is essential, especially when it comes to conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or even autoimmune-related skin problems that can worsen over time.

According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), skin conditions can result from allergies, irritants, inherited genes, certain illnesses, or immune system issues. The NIAMS suggests that many skin diseases may look similar at first, making early diagnosis and medical attention all the more important.

Also read | Healthy skin: 5 powerful ways mental wellness, nutrition, daily exercises can keep your skin glowing

Psoriasis causes: Psoriasis causes inflamed, red, and scaly patches of skin that can be itchy and painful. Triggers may include stress, cold weather, and infections. Early treatment helps manage flare-ups (Image: Canva)

Some conditions may cause redness, swelling, and irritation, while others lead to changes in skin texture or even painful blisters. Understanding the root cause behind each skin problem can help in better treatment and prevent complications.

• Acne, not just a teenage problem: Acne occurs when skin follicles get blocked with oil, dead cells, and bacteria. This build-up causes swelling, leading to pimples and inflammation. It’s not just about poor hygiene, hormones and skin type play a huge role.

• Recognise bald patches: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, resulting in small, circular bald patches. Early treatment can help slow down hair loss.

• Don’t ignore severe itching: Atopic dermatitis, often known as eczema, causes intense itching, redness, swelling, and even fluid-leaking blisters. Constant scratching worsens the skin barrier, making the skin prone to infections and dryness.

• Watch for painful blisters: This rare condition causes the skin to blister painfully, often without clear reason. Even minor friction can cause skin layers to separate, leading to wounds that risk infection.

• Notice deep boils: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) starts with pimple-like bumps under the skin, often in areas like armpits or groin. These bumps can turn into painful boils, tunnels, and scarring over time.

• Spot ichthyosis: Ichthyosis makes the skin dry and thick, often looking like fish scales. It’s usually inherited and often appears at birth or in early childhood.

• Check your nails: Pachyonychia congenita is a rare genetic disorder causing extremely thick nails and painful calluses on the soles of the feet. It may also lead to white patches on the tongue and other areas.

• Pay attention to skin blisters: Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy skin cells, causing soft, painful blisters that may easily rupture and lead to infection if left untreated.

• Understand psoriasis: Psoriasis causes inflamed, red, and scaly patches of skin that can be itchy and painful. Triggers may include stress, cold weather, and infections. Early treatment helps manage flare-ups.

• Observe changes that may signal Raynaud’s phenomenon: Raynaud’s causes certain body parts, usually fingers and toes, to turn white or blue in response to cold temperatures or stress due to limited blood flow. Managing cold exposure is crucial.

• Identify rosacea: Rosacea mainly affects the face, causing redness, pimples, and visible blood vessels. Left untreated, it can thicken the skin and affect eye health too.

• Take scleroderma seriously: Scleroderma causes hardening and tightening of the skin, but it can also affect blood vessels and internal organs. Symptoms often start with swollen fingers or hands.

• Check for white skin patches: Vitiligo is a condition where skin loses pigment in patches, leading to white spots. It’s caused by the destruction of melanin-producing cells and may spread gradually.