World Lupus Day: How does sun exposure impact lupus symptoms, and how it can be minimised

Individuals with lupus should avoid sun exposure as it can lead to inflammation. (Image: Canva)

Sunshine is often linked with good health and energy, but for people with lupus, it can have both positive and negative effects. Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks its own tissues and organs. Sun exposure can worsen lupus symptoms, causing more inflammation and flare-ups. Therefore, it is essential to understand the connection between sun exposure and lupus symptoms to manage the condition effectively.

The impact of sun exposure on lupus symptoms:

Increased inflammation: Individuals with lupus should avoid sun exposure as it can lead to inflammation, says Dr Abhijit Lodha, consultant general physician at Ruby Hall Clinic Pune. The ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can activate the immune system, which can produce inflammatory molecules called cytokines. This overactive immune response can worsen symptoms like joint pain, skin rashes, and fatigue. Therefore, it is important to protect yourself from the sun to avoid triggering these symptoms.

Skin manifestations: Photosensitivity is one of the most common symptoms of lupus. It refers to the increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight, says Lodha. This can lead to a lupus-specific skin rash called malar rash or butterfly rash, which usually appears on the cheeks and bridge of the nose. Sun exposure can also cause other skin problems such as discoid lupus lesions and increased risk of skin cancer in people with lupus.

In addition to skin symptoms, sun exposure can also affect internal organs in some people with lupus. For example, prolonged exposure to UV radiation can lead to kidney inflammation (lupus nephritis) or exacerbate existing kidney problems in lupus patients.

Minimising sun exposure and managing lupus symptoms:

Sun protection is crucial for individuals with lupus. This includes wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF (Sun Protection Factor) every day, even on cloudy days. Sunscreens should be reapplied every two hours and after swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to wear protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses to help shield the skin and eyes from UV rays.

Limiting outdoor activities during peak sun hours, usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., can reduce exposure to harmful UV radiation. Instead, plan outdoor activities for early morning or late afternoon when the sun's intensity is lower, says Lodha. When outdoors, seek shade whenever possible, particularly if you have lupus. Shade can provide additional protection from direct sunlight and reduce the risk of sunburn and flare-ups.

Some medications commonly prescribed to manage lupus symptoms, such as certain immunosuppressants and photosensitising drugs, can increase sensitivity to sunlight. It is essential to discuss sun exposure concerns with your healthcare provider and adjust medication regimens if necessary. High temperatures can exacerbate lupus symptoms, especially in conjunction with sun exposure, says Lodha. Stay cool by wearing lightweight, breathable clothing and staying hydrated with plenty of water.

Sun exposure can significantly impact lupus symptoms, exacerbating inflammation and skin manifestations. However, with proper sun protection measures and lifestyle adjustments, individuals with lupus can minimise the risks associated with sunlight and better manage their condition.