Symptoms of seasonal allergies in children: 10 essential things parents should know

Common allergies in children: Allergies can cause sneezing, coughing, runny noses, itchy eyes, hives, eczema, swelling, stomach aches, or difficulty breathing (Image: Canva)

Childhood allergies, ranging from mild sneezes and itchy eyes to severe reactions like anaphylaxis, can be overwhelming for parents to manage. Multiple studies suggest that these reactions occur when a child’s immune system overreacts to harmless substances.

Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance, like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain foods, says Dr Shreya Dubey, Consultant in Paediatrics & Neonatology,  CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram. “An allergy is essentially the body’s defense mechanism misfiring. The key to managing triggers is identifying what causes the reaction,” she adds.

Also read | Seasonal allergies in children: Causes, symptoms and cures for congestion, sneezing, itching

Dr Dubey lists some common allergies in kids:

Food allergies: Foods like milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish are among the most common allergens. Even trace amounts can trigger reactions in sensitive children.

Environmental allergies: Triggers such as mold, pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and air pollution are also frequent culprits. “Pollen, especially in spring and autumn, often causes seasonal allergy peaks,” says Dr Dubey.

How allergies show up:

Allergies can cause sneezing, coughing, runny noses, itchy eyes, hives, eczema, swelling, stomach aches, or difficulty breathing. “Severe cases may lead to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention,” she says.

Allergies vs. intolerances:

According to Dr Dubey, food allergy triggers an immune system response and can be life-threatening, like a peanut allergy. In contrast, a food intolerance, such as lactose intolerance, is a digestive issue and generally less severe. “If you suspect your child has allergies, getting a test done is key. Skin prick tests, blood tests (IgE testing), and elimination diets are common ways to identify triggers. Consult a pediatrician to ensure an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan,” says Dr Dubey.

Also read | Food allergies: Avoid these in your diet to stop swelling of the lips, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea

Tips for managing allergies in children:

Read labels: If your child has food allergies, carefully check food packaging. Allergens or traces of them are often hidden in pre-packaged foods.

Create an allergy action plan: Work with your pediatrician to develop a plan for managing reactions, including using antihistamines or an epinephrine auto-injector in emergencies.

Reduce allergens at home: Keep your home allergy-friendly by limiting pets in bedrooms, washing linens regularly, and using air purifiers to reduce dust, dander, and pollen exposure.

Monitor allergy evolution: Kids sometimes outgrow allergies, such as milk or egg allergies, but others, like peanut allergies, may persist. “Regular visits to an allergist are important to track these changes,” advises Dr Dubey.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.