Neonatologist explains why asthma, allergies and obesity are rising among urban kids; shares prevention tips for parents

Urban living exposes children to pollution, poor diets, and sedentary habits. Learn how asthma, allergies, and obesity affect kids — and what parents can do. (Image: Pexels)

Life in the city has so much to offer children — top schools, cultural institutions, and the child-friendly benefits of the squat on your block. But the very cities that are growing to foster development are also posing new challenges to children’s health. Fast Lifestyles, hours spent indoor, heavy traffic congestion combined with changing diets have brought about circumstances that influence children at an earlier and greater level than adults.

Dr Anamika Dubey - Neonatologist Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Malviya Nagar, Delhi tells Moneycontrol that “In today's day and age overall environmental and lifestyle changes expose growing children to factors which his or her body may not be ready for".

Rising levels of air pollution, diminished opportunity for outdoor play and ease of access to processed foods are creating new health challenges which parents must now navigate.

Also Read: Pulmonologist flags rise in childhood asthma as smog worsens; suggests prevention tips

This isn’t just a problem in one city, or for one age group; it is indicative of a larger and more widespread change in the way children are being raised, moving, eating, and socializing with the world around them. Knowledge of these trends allow parents to create healthier habits and better environments for their children.

1. Asthma: 

The major precipitating factors usually include pollution, dust, and emission fumes coming from vehicles. Indoor pollutants will include cigarette smoke, incense, and strong cleaning products that can worsen the condition. What parents can do:

• At peak hours of pollution, shut the windows.
• Use good-quality air purifiers at home and indoor plants that help improve air quality.
• Regular physical activity in less polluted outdoor locations like parks.
• Consult a paediatrician for an asthma management plan, ensuring access to inhalers as necessary.

Nowadays, urban children are exposed to all kinds of allergens like pet dander, pollen, dust mites, and processed foods. Poor ventilation and excessive screen time indoors enhance their problem. What parents can do:

• Wash bedding weekly in hot water; minimize stuffed toys and heavy curtains which collect dust.
• Introduce only one or two new foods at a time to the children so that symptoms of a food allergy can be monitored.
• Immunity can be strengthened by good nutrition: fruits, vegetables, and probiotics.

With fast food outlets around every corner, extended study hours, and very little outdoor playing, a number of urban children fall prey to excessive weight gain. This, on the other hand, leads to early-onset diabetes, high blood pressure, and poor self-esteem among children. What parents can do:

• Encourage at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity.
• Reduce fast foods and sweetened drinks; offer healthier home-cooked meals.
• Spend less screen time and go for some sports, cycling, or walking with family members.

Also Read: Obesity in children: Beware of the health risks of calorie-dense but nutrient-poor daily diet

4. Prevention Is the key 

Such problems can be prevented if regular check-ups of health, awareness about early warning signals, and a healthy home environment are ensured. Emphasizing wholesome nutrition, cleaner air, adequate sleep, and active living, parents can build strong and resilient kids. City life need not take its toll on their health, and small, consistent steps on the part of parents will help them thrive amidst the challenges of urban life.

FAQs on Asthma, Allergies and Childhood Obesity

What are common asthma triggers in cities?

Pollution, dust, vehicle emissions, cigarette smoke, incense, and strong cleaning products are common triggers.

How can I help my child manage asthma?

Use air purifiers, shut windows during peak pollution hours, engage in physical activity in less polluted areas, and consult a paediatrician for an asthma management plan.

What allergens are urban children commonly exposed to?

Pet dander, pollen, dust mites, and processed foods are common allergens.

How can I reduce allergens in my home?

Wash bedding weekly in hot water, minimize stuffed toys and heavy curtains, introduce new foods gradually, and strengthen immunity with good nutrition.

What factors contribute to childhood obesity in cities?

Fast food availability, extended study hours, and limited outdoor playtime contribute to childhood obesity.

How can I prevent obesity in my child?

Encourage 60 minutes of daily physical activity, reduce fast foods and sweetened drinks, offer healthier home-cooked meals, limit screen time, and engage in family activities like sports or walking.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.