National Day of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2024: Difference between plastic and cosmetic surgery

National Plastic Surgery Day 2024: Plastic surgery focuses on improving the function and appearance of burn scars. (Image: Canva)

National Day of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2024: Many people use the terms plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery interchangeably, but they are not the same. While both fields focus on enhancing a person's appearance, their goals, procedures, and training differ significantly.

 Purpose and goals

Plastic surgery: Plastic surgery is primarily concerned with reconstructing facial and body defects due to birth disorders, trauma, burns, and diseases, says Dr Anmol Chugh consultant, plastic surgeon at CK Birla hospital, Gurugram. He says that the goal is to restore function and appearance to as close to normal as possible. It is often medically necessary and covered by insurance.

Cosmetic surgery: Cosmetic surgery, on the other hand according to Dr Chugh, is focused on enhancing appearance and improving aesthetic appeal. It includes procedures that reshape or refine parts of the body to improve the patient’s appearance and self-esteem. Cosmetic surgery is elective and typically not covered by insurance.

Types of procedures

Plastic surgery procedures

Reconstructive surgery: Repairs defects caused by injury, disease, or congenital conditions, such as cleft lip and palate repair, breast reconstruction post-mastectomy, and hand surgery, says Dr Chugh.

Burn repair surgery: Focuses on improving the function and appearance of burn scars.

Scar revision surgery: Aims to improve the appearance of scars caused by accidents or previous surgeries.

Cosmetic surgery procedures

Breast augmentation: Enhances the size and shape of the breasts.

Facelift: Reduces the signs of aging by tightening facial skin and tissues.

Rhinoplasty: Reshapes the nose to improve its appearance.

Liposuction: Removes excess fat from specific body areas for a more contoured look.

Training and certification

Plastic surgeons: To become a plastic surgeon, one must complete medical school followed by a residency in plastic surgery, which typically lasts six years. After residency, they may pursue additional fellowship training in a subspecialty. Board certification by the American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) signifies the highest level of accreditation.

Cosmetic surgeons: Cosmetic surgeons can come from various medical backgrounds, including general surgery, dermatology, or even gynaecology. They must complete additional training in cosmetic procedures, but this training may vary in length and comprehensiveness. Board certification specific to cosmetic surgery, such as through the American Board of Cosmetic Surgery (ABCS), indicates specialized training in this field.

Understanding the difference between plastic and cosmetic surgery is crucial for making informed decisions about medical and aesthetic procedures, says Dr Chugh. While both aim to improve a patient's appearance, their purposes, procedures, and training paths are distinct. Always consult with a board-certified surgeon to discuss your specific needs and goals to ensure the best possible outcome.