Migraines and women’s neurological health: How mood, life stages and hormonal changes play a role

Causes of migraine: Hormones like oestrogen and progesterone are closely tied to mood and emotions. Changes in their levels during the menstrual cycle can lead to mood swings, anxiety, or even depressive episode (Image: Canva)

Migraines are recurring headaches that cause moderate to severe pain, usually on one side of the head. They often come with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Triggers vary from person to person but can include stress, certain foods, lack of sleep, and, for women, hormonal shifts.

Migraines, a neurological condition, can occur due to may reasons. For women, the impact of migraines is often more pronounced, owing to the complex relationship between hormones and the brain, says Dr Shivakumar R, Head and Senior Consultant Neurology at Manipal Hospital Sarjapur Road. “Hormonal fluctuations can make migraines worse and even more frequent, creating unique challenges for women at various life stages. Symptoms of migraines range from throbbing or pulsating pain to nausea, sensitivity to light, and dizziness. In women, these symptoms can significantly impact daily activities, productivity, and emotional well-being, especially during hormonal fluctuations such as menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause,” he adds.

Also read | Cure migraine headaches naturally with 8 healthy habits

Dr Shivakumar R explains the role of hormones in women’s neurological health, and suggests tips to manage the same:

The connection between hormones and women’s neurological health

Hormones play a crucial role in supporting women’s neurological health, influencing brain function, mood, and cognition. Among these, oestrogen is particularly important for protecting the brain, helping with memory, learning, and overall cognitive performance. However, fluctuations in hormone levels throughout life can affect neurological well-being, sometimes leading to challenges like migraines or mood disorders.

Hormones and brain health: Oestrogen is known for its neuroprotective properties. It helps to protect the brain from damage and supports its functioning. It plays a significant role in improving memory, learning, and problem-solving skills. These effects make oestrogen vital for maintaining cognitive performance in woman.

Mood and emotional regulation: Hormones like oestrogen and progesterone are closely tied to mood and emotions. Changes in their levels during the menstrual cycle can lead to mood swings, anxiety, or even depressive episodes. For some women, these fluctuations result in conditions like premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which can affect emotional stability and mental clarity.

Migraines and hormonal shifts: Migraines are one of the most common neurological conditions, and they affect women three times more often than men. Hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause can trigger or worsen migraines. While some women find relief with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, a sudden drop in oestrogen levels, such as during menstruation, often triggers migraines.

Also read | Migraines: Here's a guide to causes and prevention methods for effective headache relief

The role of a neurotransmitter (CGRP):

A neurotransmitter called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been identified as a key player in migraine attacks. Fluctuating oestrogen levels, especially a sudden drop, can trigger the release of CGRP, leading to migraines. Understanding this relationship has helped researchers develop better treatments for hormone-related migraines.

Life stages and hormonal effects: Significant hormonal shifts occur during key life stages like pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause. These changes can affect migraine frequency, mood, and cognitive function. Some women report an improvement in migraines during pregnancy, while others experience worsening symptoms postpartum due to fluctuating hormone levels.

Managing migraines and neurological health in women:

Managing migraines and other neurological effects of hormonal changes often requires a personalised approach. Neurologists or headache specialists can help identify triggers and create a treatment plan that includes lifestyle modifications and medical interventions. With the right support, women can reduce the burden of migraines and improve the quality of their life.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.