Magnesium overdose signs: Low blood pressure, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting

Early signs of magnesium overdose often include nausea and vomiting. These symptoms arise as the body attempts to expel the excess magnesium. (Image: Canva)

There is such a condition known as magnesium overdose or magnesium toxicity, medically termed hypermagnesemia. It occurs when there is too much magnesium in the body, typically due to excessive intake of magnesium supplements or medications containing magnesium, such as laxatives and antacids, or due to underlying health conditions that impair the body's ability to excrete magnesium.

Here are some warning signs of magnesium overdose given by your body.

Nausea and vomiting: Early signs of magnesium overdose often include nausea and vomiting. These symptoms arise as the body attempts to expel the excess magnesium. Persistent nausea and vomiting can lead to dehydration and require medical evaluation to prevent further complications, says Dr Aastha Kharbanda from Apollo care.

Diarrhoea: Excessive magnesium intake can cause diarrhea, which may be an initial sign of a mild overdose. This symptom results from magnesium's laxative effect, which can disrupt the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, leading to further dehydration if not managed.

Abdominal cramping: Stomach cramps often accompany nausea and diarrhea during magnesium overdose. These cramps can be quite painful and are caused by the gastrointestinal tract's response to excess magnesium. Persistent cramping should prompt a medical consultation, says Dr Kharbanda.

Low blood pressure: Magnesium overdose can lower blood pressure, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness. This hypotensive effect can cause fainting and falls, particularly in older adults, and requires careful monitoring to avoid more severe cardiovascular issues.

Muscle weakness: High levels of magnesium can interfere with neuromuscular function, causing muscle weakness and lethargy. This symptom can affect daily activities and overall quality of life, necessitating a reduction in magnesium intake and medical advice.

Difficulty breathing: Severe magnesium toxicity can impair respiratory muscles, leading to difficulty breathing. This is a serious condition that can progress to respiratory failure if not promptly treated, highlighting the need for immediate medical attention.

Irregular heartbeat: Changes in heart rate or rhythm, such as bradycardia (slow heart rate), can occur with high magnesium levels. These cardiac irregularities can be life-threatening, making it critical to seek emergency medical care if experienced.

Confusion: Mental confusion or cognitive impairment can signal severe magnesium toxicity. High magnesium levels can affect brain function, leading to disorientation and memory issues. This symptom underscores the need for urgent medical evaluation.

Cardiac arrest: In extreme cases, hypermagnesemia can lead to cardiac arrest. This life-threatening condition occurs when the heart stops functioning due to the excessive magnesium's impact on cardiac muscles. Immediate emergency intervention is essential.

Risk factors

Kidney problems: Dr Kharbanda says that individuals with kidney disease or impaired kidney function are at higher risk of magnesium overdose, as their kidneys cannot effectively excrete excess magnesium. Regular monitoring and medical guidance are crucial for these patients.

Overuse of supplements: Taking high doses of magnesium supplements or medications containing magnesium, such as certain laxatives and antacids, can lead to overdose. Adhering to recommended doses and consulting healthcare providers can prevent toxicity.

Prevention and treatment

Moderation: Ensuring magnesium intake from supplements does not exceed the recommended daily allowance is key. Balanced dietary intake and awareness of supplement content help maintain safe magnesium levels.

Medical supervision: People with kidney problems or other health issues should consult a healthcare provider before taking magnesium supplements. Personalised medical advice can help mitigate the risk of overdose.

Emergency care: In cases of severe overdose, medical intervention may include intravenous calcium, which counteracts magnesium's effects, diuretics to help excrete magnesium, and supportive care. Prompt treatment is essential to address life-threatening symptoms.