From weight gain to suicidal thoughts, beware of these 13 side effects of antidepressants

Side effects of antidepressants: Sexual side effects are among the most commonly reported issues with antidepressants, affecting both men and women. These can include reduced libido, difficulty achieving orgasm, and erectile dysfunction (Image: Canva)

Antidepressants are often prescribed to help manage the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions. While these medications can be effective in improving mood and overall well-being, they are not without side effects. Understanding the potential side effects of antidepressants is crucial for anyone considering or currently taking these medications. The side effects of antidepressants can vary depending on the type of medication, the dosage, and the individual's response.

Here are the side effects of different types of antidepressants:

Nausea and gastrointestinal issues

Nausea is a frequent side effect, particularly in the early stages of treatment. Some individuals may also experience diarrhoea, constipation, or stomach cramps. These symptoms often subside as the body adjusts to the medication, but in some cases, they may persist.

Weight gain

Weight gain is a common concern, especially with certain types of antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). The reasons for weight gain can include an increased appetite, changes in metabolism, and fluid retention. This side effect can be particularly challenging for those who are already struggling with body image issues.

Sexual dysfunction

Sexual side effects are among the most commonly reported issues with antidepressants, affecting both men and women. These can include reduced libido, difficulty achieving orgasm, and erectile dysfunction. These side effects can be particularly distressing, as they may impact intimate relationships and overall quality of life. Discussing these concerns with a healthcare provider is essential, as adjustments to the medication or dosage may help alleviate these symptoms.

Fatigue and drowsiness

While some antidepressants can have a stimulating effect, others may cause fatigue and drowsiness. This can be particularly noticeable with TCAs and certain SSRIs. These side effects can interfere with daily activities and may lead to a decreased ability to focus or perform tasks that require alertness.

Dry mouth

Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is a common side effect of many antidepressants. This can be uncomfortable and may increase the risk of dental issues, such as cavities and gum disease. Staying hydrated, chewing sugar-free gum, or using a mouth moisturiser can help alleviate this symptom.

Insomnia

On the other hand, some antidepressants, particularly those with stimulating properties, can cause insomnia. Difficulty falling or staying asleep can exacerbate the symptoms of depression and anxiety, creating a vicious cycle. In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend taking the medication in the morning to reduce the impact on sleep.

Blurred vision

Blurred vision is another side effect that can occur with certain antidepressants, particularly TCAs. This can make it challenging to read or focus on objects, especially in low-light conditions. While this side effect often improves over time, it can be bothersome, and in some cases, alternative treatments may be considered.

Dizziness and light-headedness

Feeling dizzy or light-headed, particularly when standing up quickly, is a side effect associated with various antidepressants. This can be due to the medication's impact on blood pressure or its effects on the nervous system. This side effect can increase the risk of falls, especially in older adults, so caution is advised.

Increased anxiety or restlessness

Paradoxically, some individuals may experience increased anxiety or restlessness when they first start taking antidepressants, particularly SSRIs. This side effect usually diminishes after a few weeks, but it can be distressing. It is important to monitor these symptoms and communicate any concerns to a healthcare provider.

Sweating

Excessive sweating, particularly at night, is another side effect that some individuals experience. This can be uncomfortable and may disrupt sleep. Adjusting the dosage or switching to a different medication can sometimes help manage this side effect.

Serotonin syndrome

This rare but potentially life-threatening condition occurs when there is too much serotonin in the brain. Symptoms can include confusion, agitation, rapid heart rate, and high blood pressure. Immediate medical attention is required if these symptoms are observed.

Hyponatraemia

This condition involves low sodium levels in the blood and is more common in older adults taking SSRIs. Symptoms can include headache, confusion, and seizures.

Suicidal thoughts

In some cases, particularly in young adults and teenagers, antidepressants may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours. Close monitoring is essential during the initial stages of treatment.