Diabetes and cataracts: High blood sugar damages blood vessels, here's how to keep eyes healthy

Diabetes and eye health: High blood sugar slowly damages blood vessels throughout the body. This includes the tiny blood vessels of the retina in our eyes as well (Image: Canva)

People with diabetes may be twice as likely to develop cataracts as those without diabetes. Additionally, untreated high blood sugar can lead to various health complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, peripheral arterial disease, cardiovascular issues, and retinopathy, while also increasing the risk of cataracts.

High blood sugar levels in diabetics can lead to changes in the lens, increasing the chance of cataracts and often at a younger age. India is currently known as the Diabetes capital of the world, as per a latest study by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) where the country now has over 101 million diabetics and a further 136 million pre-diabetic individuals.

Cataracts are closely linked to diabetes through high blood sugar levels. To understand this connection, it's vital to comprehend how elevated blood sugar impacts the body. “If left unchecked, high blood sugar slowly damages blood vessels throughout the body,” says Dr Sri Ganesh, Chairman and Managing Director, Nethradhama Super Speciality Eye Hospital, Bangalore. He adds, “This includes the tiny blood vessels of the retina in our eyes as well. When diabetes affects these tiny blood vessels, there is an increased risk of cataracts and other eye conditions,”

Dr Ganesh suggests tips to safeguard your eyes and reduce the risk of cataracts and other complications arising due to diabetes:

Keep an eye on your health metrics: Monitor and control your blood sugar levels, lipid profiles, and hypertension through medication, lifestyle modifications, and regular check-ups, including your eyes. The better control you have on your blood sugar levels, the lower your risk of developing cataracts.

Stay active, stay healthy: Get regular exercise to help keep your blood sugar levels under control and improve your overall health. Incorporate eye exercises into your routine to alleviate eye strain.

Eat for your eyes: Maintain a well-balanced, nutrient-rich diet with fruits, green leafy vegetables, and whole grains. Ensure your diet is rich in vitamins A, C, and E, antioxidants, and minerals like zinc to preserve optimal eye function.

Shade your eyes: Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun’s harmful UV rays, reducing the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration.

Consult a specialist: Regular eye check-ups are crucial for identifying potential issues early and allowing for timely intervention. If you experience symptoms of cataracts, such as blurry vision, difficulty seeing at night, double vision, sensitivity to light, or faded colours, consult an ophthalmologist.

Quit the habits: Quit smoking and avoid alcohol consumption, as both can damage your eyes and increase the risk of cataracts and other complications like macular degeneration.