Causes, symptoms, and prevention of osteoarthritis: Control weight, stay fit to prevent common joint problem

Common symptoms of osteoarthritis include pain, swelling and stiffness in the knees (Image: Canva)

Osteoarthritis is a common joint problem typically seen in those who are overweight or obese. The excess body weight puts pressure on the joints and makes them weak with time, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty in movement. The good news is that the right lifestyle changes, it is possible to reduce the risk of knee osteoarthritis or manage the symptoms better.

According to the Centers for Disease and Control (CDC), knee osteoarthritis happens when the protective cartilage of the knee joint wears down gradually. This cartilage helps the joints move smoothly. When it breaks down, the bones start rubbing against each other, causing pain, stiffness and swelling. People who are overweight or obese are at higher risk because the extra weight puts more pressure making the cartilage wear out faster, leading to knee osteoarthritis at an earlier age.

Symptoms of osteoarthritis, and risks:

As per the CDC, the common symptoms of osteoarthritis include pain, swelling and stiffness in the knees. The pain usually gets worse after walking, climbing stairs, or standing for a long time. In some cases, knees may become swollen or feel warm. If left untreated, it can make it hard to perform everyday activities like walking. People with obesity are also more likely to experience severe pain and faster joint damage compared to those with a healthy weight.

Also read | Osteoarthritis: Regular exercise, weight loss, and footwear with insoles can reduce pain

How to protect your knees:

To reduce the risk of knee osteoarthritis, it is recommended to maintain a healthy weight. Your fitness, food, and habits can help you protect your knees, says Dr Akhilesh Yadav, Associate Director, Orthopaedics & Joint Replacement, Max Hospital, Vaishali. “Make physical activity a part of your everyday routine. You can start with short walks. Other physical activities like yoga, swimming and jogging can also help strengthen the muscles around your knees.”

Also read | Joint pain or not able to fully raise your arms? Here's why it can be shoulder osteoarthritis

Remember that nutrition also plays a vital role in making your muscles strong. “One cannot rule out the health benefits of a balanced diet. Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Also, quit smoking and protect your joints from injuries. Those who already have knee pain should consult a doctor for tailored treatment and also prevent further damage” suggests Dr Yadav.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.