Breastfeeding Awareness Week: Mastitis symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention tips

Mastitis is commonly diagnosed through a physical examination of the breast, where signs such as hard lumps, redness, tenderness, and pain are evaluated. (Image: Canva)

Mastitis is a condition characterised by inflammation of the breast tissue, which can cause pain, swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected area. While it predominantly affects breastfeeding women, mastitis can also occur in men and non-breastfeeding women. This inflammation often arises when milk ducts become clogged, leading to infection and swelling in the breast tissue, though the milk itself is typically not infected.

Mastitis is commonly diagnosed through a physical examination of the breast, where signs such as hard lumps, redness, tenderness, and pain are evaluated. Sometimes, an ultrasound may be required to confirm the diagnosis. According to Dr Manjusha Goel, lead consultant, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at CK Birla Hospital® in Delhi, while most cases of mastitis are non-infectious, about 15-20 percent are caused due to infections.

Causes of mastitis:

Improper feeding techniques: Poor baby latching can hinder effective milk removal from the breast, leading to clogged ducts.

Infrequent or irregular breastfeeding: Not breastfeeding or pumping regularly can cause milk to build up and potentially lead to mastitis.

Restrictive clothing: Tight bras or restrictive clothing can impede milk flow and contribute to duct blockage.

Cracked or sore nipples: These can serve as entry points for bacteria, leading to infection and inflammation.

Also see | Breastfeeding Awareness Week: Doctor's guide to pros and cons of pumping

Treatment and prevention:

Continue breastfeeding: Despite the discomfort, it is crucial to continue breastfeeding as it helps to clear the clogged ducts and promote healing. Regular milk removal is key to resolving the condition.

Check baby’s position: Ensuring that the baby is latched on correctly can improve milk flow and reduce the likelihood of blockages. Proper positioning helps the baby drain the breast more effectively.

Avoid restrictive clothing: Opt for supportive bras that are not too tight to facilitate proper milk flow and prevent further issues.

Frequent breastfeeding: Aim to breastfeed or pump every 2-3 hours during the day and every 6 hours at night. Regular milk removal can help prevent and manage mastitis.

Warm compresses: Applying warm compresses or taking warm showers can alleviate pain and reduce lumps. Warmth helps to open the milk ducts and ease the inflammation.

Massage: Gently massaging the affected area in a circular motion towards the nipple can help to clear blockages and improve milk flow.

Hydration and rest: Staying hydrated and getting adequate rest are essential for recovery. Proper hydration supports overall health and helps the body heal more efficiently.

If symptoms persist or worsen despite these measures, it is important to seek medical advice. In some cases, painkillers or antibiotics may be necessary to treat an infection or severe duct blockage. For more serious cases, aspiration or drainage of pus might be required.