US faces deadliest listeriosis outbreak: What you need to know

US Faces Listeria Outbreak Crisis (Representative Image)

The United States is facing its largest listeriosis outbreak since 2011, with over 57 cases and nine deaths reported across 18 states. The CDC has linked the outbreak to Boar’s Head deli meats, including liverwurst, which were recalled due to potential listeria contamination.

However, despite the recall, new cases continue to emerge. The CDC also cautions that the true number of cases could be higher, as milder cases might go unreported. Consumers are urged to check their kitchens for any recalled products, which may still be on shelves with sell-by dates extending into October 2024.

What is Listeria?

Listeria monocytogenes, or Listeria, is a bacterium that can cause serious infections, particularly in vulnerable groups like pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. While it’s not as well-known as other foodborne pathogens, Listeria is a significant health risk, found in soil, water, and animal products, making it a persistent threat in our food supply.

How Listeria Spreads

Listeria spreads primarily through contaminated food, including raw or unpasteurised dairy products, deli meats, hot dogs, and certain raw vegetables. The bacteria thrive in cold environments, like refrigerators, allowing them to survive and multiply even after food has been packaged. This makes Listeria particularly challenging to control, as it can cross-contaminate other foods in processing facilities.

Health Risks and Symptoms

Listeriosis, the infection caused by Listeria, can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe complications like meningitis. In pregnant women, it can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious infections in newborns. The elderly and immunocompromised individuals are also at high risk.

Prevention Measures

Preventing Listeria infection involves safe food handling practices, thoroughly cooking meats, washing fruits and vegetables, avoiding unpasteurised dairy products, and maintaining proper refrigerator temperatures. Vulnerable individuals should be particularly cautious about high-risk foods.

Diagnosing a Listeria Infection

Diagnosing a Listeria infection typically involves a blood culture to detect the bacteria. In severe cases, such as suspected meningitis, a lumbar puncture might be performed. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, which usually involves antibiotics like ampicillin.

Treatment of Listeria

Treatment of Listeria infection primarily involves antibiotics, with ampicillin being the most commonly used. For those with allergies or more severe cases, alternative antibiotics may be used. Swift treatment is essential to prevent serious complications, especially in at-risk groups like pregnant women and the immunocompromised.