World Refugee Day 2024: history, significance & 5 countries housing most refugees

World Refugee Day 2024 is significant as the world faces unprecedented levels of displacement. (Representational)

In a world continually rocked by conflict, climate change, and political instability, the number of displaced people has reached unprecedented levels. On World Refugee Day 2024, the spotlight turns to the countries bearing the brunt of this crisis, providing shelter and hope to millions fleeing their homes.

World Refugee Day was officially designated by the United Nations General Assembly in December 2000, with the first observance taking place on June 20, 2001. The date was chosen to coincide with Africa Refugee Day, which had been celebrated for many years in several countries across the continent.

The origins of World Refugee Day are rooted in the aftermath of World War II, when millions were displaced, leading to the establishment of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1950.

The UNHCR's mandate was to safeguard the rights and well-being of refugees, helping them to restart their lives in new countries. Over the decades, the scope of the refugee crisis has expanded, with conflicts, persecution, and environmental disasters contributing to the displacement of people worldwide.

Significance
World Refugee Day 2024 is particularly significant as the world faces unprecedented levels of displacement. According to recent UNHCR statistics, over 130 million people are currently displaced due to conflict, violence, and human rights violations; 32 million of them are refugees.

The day is marked by events worldwide, including educational programs, art exhibits, and community gatherings aimed at raising awareness about the plight of refugees and the need for a more inclusive approach to their integration. In refugee camps and urban centres alike, stories of survival and hope are shared, highlighting the resilience of those who have been forced to flee.

Global Efforts

Various organisations and governments are using World Refugee Day to reaffirm their commitments to refugee protection and assistance. The UNHCR continues to advocate for more comprehensive asylum policies, improved living conditions in refugee camps, and greater support for host countries that bear the brunt of refugee inflows.

In many parts of the world, local initiatives are making a significant impact. From community-led housing projects to vocational training programs, these efforts aim to empower refugees and foster social cohesion. Countries such as Canada and Germany have implemented successful resettlement programs, providing refugees with a chance to start anew and contribute to their new communities.

39 per cent of all refugees in 2024 are housed by five nations.

Iran: 3.8 million

Türkiye: 3.3 million

Colombia: 2.9 million

Germany: 2.6 million

Pakistan: 2.0 million

According to UNHCR figures, just five countries account for 73% of the total.

Afghanistan: 6.4 million

Syrian Arab Republic: 6.4 million

Venezuela: 6.1 million

Ukraine: 6.0 million

South Sudan: 2.3 million