Broken Heart Syndrome: Stress that can break your heart—literally

Broken Heart Syndrome is often misdiagnosed as a heart attack due to its similar symptoms. (Representational)

It’s a common saying that heartbreak can hurt, but for some, it can literally break the heart. Medically known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, Broken Heart Syndrome is a temporary heart condition triggered by extreme emotional or physical stress. Often misdiagnosed as a heart attack due to its similar symptoms, this condition primarily affects the heart's left ventricle, leading to a sudden weakening of the heart muscles.

What Is Broken Heart Syndrome?

First identified in Japan in the 1990s, Broken Heart Syndrome derives its name from the Japanese word takotsubo, meaning an octopus trap, due to the heart's balloon-like shape during the condition. Emotional stressors like the death of a loved one, breakup, or even a positive surprise can cause a surge of stress hormones, such as adrenaline, which overwhelms the heart.

Unlike a heart attack, where arteries are blocked by plaques, Broken Heart Syndrome is not caused by blocked arteries. Instead, the heart temporarily struggles to pump blood effectively, mimicking the signs of a cardiac event.

Common symptoms include:

• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Irregular heartbeat

Women, particularly those aged 50 and above, are at a higher risk of developing this condition. However, experts warn that anyone under significant stress can experience it, making stress management crucial.

Recovery And Treatment

Broken Heart Syndrome is typically reversible with proper care. Recovery can take weeks to months, with treatments focused on managing stress and addressing symptoms. Medications such as beta-blockers may be prescribed to reduce the heart's workload and manage stress hormones.

Prevention lies in stress management. Experts recommend:

• Regular exercise to improve heart health
• Mindfulness techniques like meditation or yoga
• Seeking therapy or counselling during emotionally challenging periods