Cellulitis: Causes, symptoms and ways to cure this common but serious bacterial skin infection

Cellulitis mostly starts as a superficial skin condition, but if untreated, it can escalate from a mild irritation to a severe and even life-threatening health concern (Image: Canva)

If you observe symptoms like swelling, tenderness, pain, spots, blisters, or skin dimpling, pay close attention. These could be signs of cellulitis, a common yet potentially serious bacterial skin infection.

Cellulitis presents as swollen and inflamed skin that is often painful and warm to the touch. It commonly targets the lower extremities, although it can manifest on the face, arms, and various other regions of the body. This infection takes root when a breach in the skin's integrity provides an entry point for bacteria. It mostly starts as a superficial skin condition, but if untreated, cellulitis can escalate from a mild irritation to a severe and even life-threatening health concern.

Causes of cellulitis

Cellulitis occurs when bacteria find an entry point through a cut or crack in the skin. These germs then go into the tissues beneath your skin, causing an infection. Common culprits behind this are Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria, which include MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). MRSA is a type of bacteria that's especially worrisome because it doesn't respond well to certain antibiotics.

Symptoms of cellulitis

The symptoms of cellulitis can vary but typically include localised pain, redness, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area. The skin may take on a dimpled or pitted appearance, and in some cases, it can develop blisters, pustules, or even abscesses. The infection often causes fever, chills, and a general feeling of being unwell.

Risk factors

Several factors increase the risk of cellulitis. These include skin injuries like cuts, burns, insect bites, or surgical wounds that create openings for bacteria. Chronic conditions such as diabetes or eczema can weaken the skin's protective shield, as can a compromised immune system in cases such as HIV/AIDS or during cancer treatment. Additionally, lymphedema, marked by limb swelling, poses another risk, alongside intravenous drug use, obesity, and a history of prior cellulitis episodes.

Preventive measures

Preventing cellulitis is possible by taking appropriate precautions:

Care for the wound: Immediately clean and cover any cuts, scrapes, or insect bites to prevent bacteria from entering. Intact skin is an effective defence, but once it is breached, it can become susceptible to infections.

Hygiene is the key: Maintain good personal hygiene and make sure to moisturise dry skin in order to prevent cracking. Opt for mild, non-drying soaps and regularly apply a good moisturiser to keep the skin healthy.

Keep the pests away: Insect bites can add to the horror. Use insect repellent to avoid insect bites. You can also use safety nets or spray the area with pesticides and insecticides.

Manage chronic conditions: It is important to control any underlying conditions like diabetes and eczema to maintain skin health, as they can worsen the prognosis.

Cope with lymphedema: If you have lymphedema (swelling due to lymph build-up), follow proper care guidelines to minimise the risk. These guidelines may include compression garments, exercises, and elevation, while also seeking emotional support.

It is vital to understand that even seemingly minor skin issues deserve consideration. Cellulitis is a condition that requires immediate medical attention. Antibiotics are typically prescribed for treatment, and in severe cases, hospitalisation may be necessary.