Bonsai care: Watering, pruning, feeding tips to let your miniature trees thrive

Gardening tips: Bonsai trees thrive in a humid environment, which can be challenging in indoor settings (Image: Canva)

Bonsai trees are beautiful and delicate and their care may seem tedious to many. However, with regular practice and attention, caring for a bonsai tree can become an enjoyable and rewarding experience.

Since bonsais grow in a miniature environment with limited soil, their watering and feeding need special attention. As for lighting, while indoor bonsais thrive on bright indirect light, outdoor ones need at least a few hours of sunlight every day. Bonsais also need to be protected from the wind and a cold draft from your air-conditioner.

Here’s a guide that covers all the essential aspects of bonsai care, including watering, pruning, feeding, and more.

Choosing the right bonsai for your environment

Bonsai trees come in many varieties, including indoor and outdoor species. Selecting the right type for your environment is crucial for their health.

• Indoor bonsai: Species like Ficus, Jade, or Chinese Elm are ideal for indoor settings as they can adapt to less light and controlled climates.

• Outdoor bonsai: Some popular outdoor bonsais in India include Banyan, Peepal and Neem.

Tip: Research the specific requirements of your bonsai species to tailor your care routine accordingly.

Also read | Best air-purifying indoor plants: Choose these low-maintenance plants for health and happiness

Watering your bonsai tree

Since bonsais grow in a controlled, miniature environment, watering is one of the most important aspects of caring for them.

• Check the soil daily; it should be slightly moist but not soggy.
• Water thoroughly until it drains out of the bottom of the pot.
• Avoid letting the soil dry out completely, as this can stress the tree.

Tip: Use a watering can with a fine nozzle to mimic rainfall and avoid washing away the soil.

Providing proper light

Light requirements vary depending on the type of bonsai, but all bonsai trees need sufficient light to grow and remain healthy.

• Indoor bonsai: Place near a bright window with indirect sunlight, ideally south-facing.

• Outdoor bonsai: Position in a spot where it can receive morning sunlight and some shade during the hottest part of the day.

Also read | Best indoor plants for every room: Choose peace lily, snake plant, and more for a natural touch

Maintaining humidity levels

Bonsai trees thrive in a humid environment, which can be challenging in indoor settings.

• Place a humidity tray filled with water beneath the bonsai pot to increase moisture around the plant.
• Misting the leaves regularly can also help maintain humidity.

Tip: Avoid placing your bonsai near the AC as it can dry out the air.

Pruning and shaping your bonsai

Pruning is essential for maintaining the size, shape, and health of your bonsai tree. Remove dead branches, overgrown shoots, and unhealthy leaves to maintain the tree's shape.

Tip: Prune during the tree’s growing season (spring and summer) to avoid stressing it during dormancy.

Also read | Best indoor plants that will make your home look super luxurious

Feeding your bonsai

Bonsai trees need regular fertilisation to replenish nutrients in their limited soil.

• Use a balanced, water-soluble fertiliser designed for bonsai trees.
• Fertilise during the growing season (spring to early fall) and reduce or stop during winter.
• Avoid over-fertilising, as it can damage the roots.

Tip: Choose an organic fertiliser for a gentler approach that supports long-term soil health.

Repotting your bonsai

Repotting ensures your bonsai doesn’t become root-bound and allows fresh soil to provide nutrients.

• Repot young bonsai trees every 2–3 years and mature trees every 3–5 years.
• Use a well-draining bonsai soil mix to prevent waterlogging.
• Trim the roots carefully during repotting to encourage healthy growth.

Tip: Repot in early spring before the growing season begins.

Pest and disease management

Like any plant, bonsai trees are susceptible to pests and diseases. Common issues include spider mites, aphids, and root rot.

• Inspect your bonsai regularly for signs of pests or discoloration.
• Use neem oil or insecticidal soap to treat pest infestations naturally.
• Ensure proper drainage to prevent root rot caused by overwatering.

Tip: Isolate infected plants to prevent the spread of pests or diseases.

Seasonal care for bonsai trees

Bonsai care varies with the seasons, especially for outdoor species.

• Spring: Prune and repot as needed; start fertilising regularly.
• Summer: Water frequently and provide shade during extreme heat.
• Autumn: Reduce fertilisation and begin preparing for dormancy.
• Winter: Protect outdoor bonsai from frost and cold winds by moving them to a sheltered location.

Caring for bonsai trees is a long-term commitment that requires patience and consistent effort. Each tree grows at its own pace, and the art of bonsai involves observing and responding to its needs.