Hepatitis in India: Most common type, causes, long-term effects, and tips to keep liver healthy

World Hepatitis Day: Liver Cirrhosis is a disorder characterized by extensive liver scarring and diminished liver function (Image: Canva)

Viral hepatitis is inflammation or injury to the liver brought on by a viral infection. It is a widespread or systemic infection of the body that mostly affects the liver. The hepatitis A, B, C, and E viruses are the most frequent ones that damage the liver.

Hepatitis B and C are primarily shared by bodily fluids, contaminated needles, blood transfusions, unprotected sex, and occasionally from mother to child during childbirth. Hepatitis A and E are primarily spread by contaminated water and food.

Most common type of Hepatitis in India

According to Dr Subhasish Mazumder, Director and Unit Head - Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endoscopy, Max Hospital, Vaishali, Hepatitis E is the most prevalent form of hepatitis in India, with hepatitis A coming in second. These kinds are mostly linked to inadequate hygiene and sanitation, which can result in the ingestion of tainted food and water.

On the other hand, hepatitis B and C cases have also increased in frequency. Hepatitis B and C can produce chronic infections with serious long-term health consequences, whereas hepatitis A and E often cause acute infections that go away without any lasting effects.

Long-term effects of Hepatitis on body and overall health

Hepatitis A and E: Most patients who have these infections heal completely and don't have any long-term effects. People who recover from these viruses are immune to them for the rest of their lives, which keeps them from getting sick again, says Dr Mazumder.

Hepatitis B and C: These infections have more significant long-term consequences, says the expert. Liver inflammation may continue for a long time because of these infections. Chronic hepatitis B and C can eventually result in:

Chronic liver disease: This condition, which is typified by persistent liver damage and scarring, can be brought on by persistent liver inflammation.

Cirrhosis: As liver damage worsens, it may lead to the development of cirrhosis, a disorder characterized by extensive liver scarring and diminished liver function. Liver failure is a condition caused by cirrhosis in which the liver is unable to carry out its essential tasks.

Liver cancer: The risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, a primary liver cancer, is greatly increased by persistent hepatitis B and C infections.

Overall impact on health: The systemic nature of chronic hepatitis can lead to fatigue, joint discomfort, muscular soreness, and cognitive deficits, all of which can lower one's quality of life overall.

Management tips for viral Hepatitis

Managing viral hepatitis involves a combination of medical treatment, lifestyle changes, and supportive care, suggests Dr Mazumder. Here are some key management tips:

Medical care: The management of chronic hepatitis B and C requires the use of antiviral drugs. These medications aid in lowering the risk of complications, slowing the course of the disease, and lowering the viral load. Assessing liver function and the course of the disease requires routine monitoring by a medical professional.

Healthy diet: Liver health is supported by a balanced diet high in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains. Reducing alcohol consumption and consuming less processed and high-fat foods can help stop additional liver damage.

Hydration: Maintaining adequate hydration is crucial for the body's healing and general function, particularly for people who have hepatitis A and E.

Rest and stress management: Getting enough sleep and reducing stress with exercises, yoga, or meditation can improve liver health and general well-being.

Preventing toxins: People with hepatitis must minimize their exposure to environmental pollutants, such as chemicals and drugs that can strain their livers.

Vaccination: Hepatitis A and B vaccinations are available. By ensuring vaccination, the prevalence of liver disease can be decreased overall and certain kinds of hepatitis can be prevented.