World Arthritis Day 2024: Why women are more prone to osteoarthritis, RA as they age

World Arthritis Day 2024: Women can effectively manage their joint health by understanding these risk factors and taking proactive steps. (Image: Canva)

Arthritis affects millions worldwide, but not everyone experiences it in the same way. Women are more susceptible to certain types of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially as they age.

Age and hormonal factors

• Before the age of 55, arthritis is more common in men. However, after this age, the rate of arthritis increases significantly among women, says Dr Ishwar Bohra, Senior Director of the Joint Replacement Programme, BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital. Dr Bohra says that one of the primary reasons for this shift is hormonal changes, particularly during menopause. Oestrogen, a vital hormone in reproductive health, also helps protect joints by reducing inflammation. As women age and oestrogen levels decline, the protective effect diminishes, increasing the risk of arthritis.

• Research has shown that women tend to report more pain from arthritis than men do. This difference can be attributed to the natural elasticity of women’s tendons, designed to handle childbirth's rigours. In addition, women’s wider hip structures can lead to knee misalignment over time, raising the risk of both arthritis and knee injuries. These anatomical factors contribute to the higher pain levels experienced by women with arthritis.

• Obesity is a significant risk factor for arthritis and more women than men are affected by it. Excess weight puts increased pressure on the joints, particularly the knees. Every extra pound of body weight adds three pounds of pressure on the knee joints, says Dr Bohra. This extra strain accelerates cartilage wear and tear, leading to osteoarthritis. Therefore, maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for reducing the risk of arthritis in women.

• A family history of arthritis increases the risk for both men and women, but women appear to have a stronger genetic link. Research suggests that women are more likely to inherit arthritis from their mothers, particularly in the same joints and at the same age. This genetic predisposition makes it essential for women to be vigilant about their joint health, especially if arthritis runs in their family.

Rheumatoid arthritis: A bigger threat to women

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease that attacks the joints, is three times more common in women than in men. Women’s stronger immune systems, while beneficial in many ways, also make them more prone to autoimmune disorders like RA. Moreover, women with RA often experience more severe symptoms than men, making early diagnosis and treatment critical.

• Women’s joints, particularly in the knees, tend to be less stable and more flexible than men’s due to anatomical differences. This joint flexibility, combined with hormonal changes, increases the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis as women age or after injury.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for a specific health diagnosis.