What is Lp(a) and why should every Indian have this heart test by 40?

High Lp(a) levels are largely genetic and often go unnoticed. A simple blood test by age 40 can provide a crucial head start in heart health. (Image: Pexels)

Heart disease is one of the major health concern among Indians claiming nearly 3 million lives every year. What is alarming is that Indians are developing heart disease at  a younger age. Owing to their busy schedules, sedentary lifestyle and bad eating habits, more and more people are developing chronic health conditions like diabetes and cholesterol issues in their 30s and 40s. While most people are familiar with routine cholesterol checks, one very important test remains unnoticed: Lipoprotein(a), commonly called Lp(a).

According to experts, knowing your Lp(a) levels could be a game-changer in preventing early heart problems — particularly for Indians, who are genetically predisposed to cardiovascular risks.

What is Lp(a) Test?

The Lp(a) test checks the amount of lipoprotein(a) in your blood—a special kind of lipoprotein that moves cholesterol through your bloodstream.  Lp(a) is a type of LDL cholesterol made up of an LDL particle stuck to a protein called apolipoprotein(a). High levels of Lp(a) can lead to atherosclerosis making heart attacks and strokes more likely. Unlike other fat markers in your blood, your genes control your Lp(a) levels. Changing your diet or working out more doesn't affect them.

Also Read: Boost heart health: Manage LDL and HDL cholesterol with these 8 foods in your daily diet

How Does the Test Work?

It is a simple blood test that checks the amount of lipoprotein(a) in your blood. A doctor or nurse will draw blood from a vein in your arm, and send it to a lab to analyze. The test will figure out the exact level of lipoprotein(a) in your blood, and the result will help determine if your level is normal or high.

Why Indians Should Pay Attention

Research shows that South Asians, Indians included often have higher Lp(a) levels than other groups. This genetic tendency might explain why heart attacks happen to people with normal cholesterol levels. Knowing about high Lp(a) can help to start early treatment and create personalized care plans.

When to Get Tested

Doctors suggest getting an Lp(a) test once as an adult ideally by 40. The test needs just a blood sample and doesn't require you to fast. It's key for people whose families have a history of early heart disease or those who've had unexpected heart problems despite normal cholesterol.

Interpreting Test Results

Doctors measure Lp(a) levels in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Different guidelines might set various thresholds, but levels over 30 mg/dL often signal a need for closer examination. To grasp your personal risk and figure out what to do next, it's crucial to talk with your doctor.

Also Read: Cholesterol and its consequences: How to lower bad cholesterol, reduce risk of stroke and heart attack

Managing Elevated Lp(a)

There aren't any approved medications that specifically lower Lp(a) at the moment. However, you can still lower your overall risk by:

• Consuming a diet that is heart-healthy
• Regularly working out
• Refraining from smoking and too much alcohol
• Controlling blood pressure, diabetes, and other cholesterol levels

By the age of 40, a straightforward Lp(a) blood test can identify hidden heart risks that regular cholesterol checks might overlook. This test may be life-saving for Indians, who are already more likely to develop early cardiovascular issues.

FAQs on Lp(a) Tests

1. What does the Lp(a) test measure?
The Lp(a) test measures the amount of lipoprotein(a) in your blood, which is an important factor in assessing cardiovascular risk.

2. How is the Lp(a) test different from regular cholesterol tests?
Unlike regular cholesterol tests, Lp(a) levels are genetically determined and not influenced by diet or exercise.

3. Who should consider getting an Lp(a) test?
Individuals with a family history of early heart disease, or those with unexpected heart problems despite normal cholesterol levels, should consider getting tested.

4. Is fasting required before taking the Lp(a) test?
No, fasting is not required for the Lp(a) test.

5. How often should one get tested for Lp(a) levels?
Doctors recommend getting tested once as an adult, ideally by the age of 40.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.