Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, treatment options: Best exercises to manage this painful condition

Rheumatoid arthritis: Studies reveal that women are three times more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis compared to males, and it commonly affects people aged 30-50 (Image: Canva)

Do you wake up feeling like your fingers are stiff and swollen, making simple tasks like holding a toothbrush difficult? Or do you find that the pain and swelling in your joints seem to flare up more in the morning? These are common symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, a condition where the immune system attacks the joints, leading to significant discomfort and difficulty in daily activities.

The primary cause of rheumatoid arthritis is genetic, but environmental factors like smoking and certain viruses are also thought to contribute. The condition involves an autoimmune reaction where the body's protective cells mistakenly attack the synovial fluid; the lubricating fluid between joints, leading to chronic joint destruction.

Studies reveal that females are three times more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis compared to males, and it commonly affects people aged 30-50. Early symptoms include fatigue, generalised weakness, and musculoskeletal pain.

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Symptoms and diagnosis:

Initially, rheumatoid arthritis often affects the joints in the fingers, causing swelling and a "boxing glove" appearance. This is usually accompanied by morning stiffness, pain, and swelling in the fingers. As the condition progresses, it can spread to other joints, including the toes, knees, ankles, hips, and shoulders. Swelling may lead to broader toes and difficulties with daily activities such as brushing your teeth. If untreated, rheumatoid arthritis can damage the eyes, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Diagnosis typically involves X-rays, ultrasonography, and MRI scans to assess joint damage and inflammation.

While medication is important for managing the condition, practicing the following exercises may help relieve symptoms:

Stretch: Stretching can reduce morning stiffness and maintain joint range of motion. Warm up before stretching to avoid pain. Hold each stretch for 15-20 seconds.

Walk: Walking is an effective, low-impact exercise that requires no special equipment. It helps improve joint function and can boost mood due to the release of serotonin.

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Aqua-aerobics: Exercising in water supports your weight, reducing stress on stiff joints. It is beneficial for those with significant joint stiffness. Work with a trainer if possible.

Yoga: Yoga can help manage symptoms through gentle movements, breathing exercises, and specific poses. Many guided yoga programs cater to individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.
Always consult your doctor before starting any new exercise routine, especially if it involves strenuous activities.