Mpox prevention tips: Why pregnant women and children are more vulnerable to severe complications

Mpox outbreak: Pregnant women infected with mpox may experience complications, including miscarriage or premature birth

Earlier known as monkeypox, Mpox is a viral disease that can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, rash, and flu-like discomfort. It spreads from person to person through direct contact with infected skin lesions, body fluids, or respiratory droplets. The virus can also be picked up from contaminated objects or surfaces. Once it enters the body, through broken skin, the respiratory tract, or mucous membranes like the eyes, nose, or mouth, it can lead to infection

Mpox doesn’t hide for long. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. Most notably, a characteristic rash develops, often appearing on the face, hands, feet, or other parts of the body.  Over time, the rash evolves into pustules and eventually scabs before healing. Symptoms generally last two to four weeks, and can appear three to 21 days after exposure.

While most cases are mild, certain groups face a higher risk of severe illness. According to Dr Tushar Tayal, Consultant in Internal Medicine at CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, "Mpox can pose significant risks to people with weakened immune systems and other vulnerable populations." he says. Dr Tayal explains:

Also read | Managing mpox skin lesions: Cure macules, papules and crusts, reduce itching

Weak immunity: Those with compromised immunity, such as people living with HIV, cancer patients, or those undergoing immunosuppressive treatments, are particularly vulnerable.

Men who have sex with men (MSM): Studies show that mpox has shown higher transmission rates among MSM populations, often due to close-contact behaviours.

Healthcare workers: Those on the frontlines, such as doctors and nurses, are at greater risk due to frequent exposure to infected patients, especially if they aren’t using proper protective gear.

People in endemic regions: Mpox remains more common in certain parts of Africa. Individuals living in or traveling to these areas face a higher chance of exposure.

Pregnant women: Pregnant women infected with mpox may experience complications, including miscarriage or premature birth.

Children under age 8: Young children, particularly those under the age of eight, are more susceptible to severe illness from mpox. Early detection and preventive measures are essential in managing the disease.

Also read | Mpox symptoms in pregnant women: Risks and prevention tips

Protecting the vulnerable:

To protect high-risk groups from mpox, vaccination is key in reducing symptoms and complications. Avoid close contact with symptomatic individuals, practice good hygiene with regular handwashing, and wear N95 masks to prevent respiratory transmission. Safe sex practices, including open communication and condom use, can lower transmission risks. Infected individuals should isolate until fully recovered to prevent spreading the virus.