Managing mpox skin lesions: Cure macules, papules and crusts, reduce itching

Mpox causes various types of skin lesions, including macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusts. (Image: Canva)

Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral zoonosis caused by the mpox virus, which is related to the virus that causes smallpox. One of the hallmark symptoms of mpox is the development of skin lesions, which can be painful and itchy and lead to complications if not managed properly. Mumbai-based Dermatologist Dr Niharica Aasthana gives an overview of how to manage and treat skin lesions associated with mpox to maintain skin health:

Understanding skin lesions in mpox

Types of lesions: Mpox causes various types of skin lesions, including macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusts. These lesions typically progress from flat, discoloured areas to raised bumps, then fluid-filled blisters, which eventually crust over, says Dr Aasthana.

Common areas affected: The face, hands, feet, and mucous membranes, including the mouth and genital areas, are commonly affected. Lesions can appear singly or in clusters.

General skin care for mpox lesions

Keep skin clean: The expert suggests that regularly washing the affected areas with mild soap and water is beneficial. This helps prevent secondary bacterial infections, which can occur if the skin is broken or damaged.

Moisturise: Use fragrance-free and hypoallergenic moisturisers to keep the skin hydrated. This can help reduce itching and discomfort.

Managing pain and itching

Topical treatments: Over-the-counter (OTC) topical corticosteroids may help reduce inflammation and itching. Calamine lotion or oatmeal baths can also provide soothing relief.

Pain relief: Analgesics like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to manage pain associated with skin lesions.

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Preventing and treating secondary infections

Antibiotic ointments: If lesions become infected, apply an antibiotic ointment as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Signs of infection include increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus.

Avoid scratching: To minimise the risk of secondary infections, avoid scratching the lesions. Keep fingernails trimmed and consider wearing gloves if scratching is unavoidable during sleep.

Dealing with scarring

Minimise scarring: As lesions heal, they may leave scars. Using silicone gel sheets or scar creams can help reduce the appearance of scars.

Avoid sun exposure: Protect healing skin from sun exposure by using sunscreen or covering the area. Sun exposure can darken scars and make them more noticeable.

Medical treatment

Antiviral medication: In severe cases, antiviral medications like tecovirimat may be prescribed to reduce the severity of the infection.

Consult a dermatologist: For persistent or severe lesions, a dermatologist may recommend specialised treatments such as corticosteroid injections or other therapies to manage skin damage.

Monitoring and follow-up

Regular check-ups: Keep regular appointments with your skin specialist to monitor the progress of the lesions and adjust treatment as needed.

Watch for complications: Be vigilant for signs of complications, such as spreading lesions, fever, or systemic symptoms, which may require immediate medical attention.