Lung cancer in non-smokers: Top oncologist shares tips to protect yourself when clean air is hard to find

Health risks of air pollution: Pollutants, especially asbestos, hydrocarbons, and industrial smoke, can be as carcinogenic as smoking, warn experts (Image: Pexels)

If you thought giving up smoking was enough to protect your lungs, think again. In cities across India, even non-smokers are facing a growing threat from the very air they breathe. Worsening air pollution levels is now recognised a significant risk factor for lung cancer, especially in densely populated urban areas.

The silent killer isn’t just in cigarette smoke anymore, it’s in the smog-filled morning air too.

While smoking has long been linked to lung cancer, the surge in air pollution has begun shifting that narrative. “If we compare the health risk, active smoking still carries a higher chance of developing lung cancer and cardiovascular disease,” Dr Anadi Pachaury, Associate Director & Unit Head, Surgical Oncology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi, tells Moneycontrol. She adds: “But for a non-smoker, even low exposure to polluted air can bring serious health consequences.”

Also read | Oncologist suggests how your diet may be raising your lung cancer risk

The danger lies in fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which, though less concentrated than in cigarettes, still damages the lungs over time. Combine this with industrial pollutants or chemical-laden smog, and the risk multiplies, especially for those living in urban areas already gasping for clean air.

According to a study by environmental health researchers, urban populations face higher lung cancer risks than rural ones, even among non-smokers. “The sharp rise in Air Quality Index (AQI) levels across cities is a direct contributor. Urban dwellers are more frequently exposed to automobile exhaust, construction dust, and in some cases, emissions from chemical and petroleum industries. These pollutants, especially asbestos, hydrocarbons, and industrial smoke, can be as carcinogenic as smoking,” she explains.

The risk, she says,  is even greater for those who smoke and live in polluted environments, with research pointing to a synergistic effect that significantly amplifies the likelihood of lung disease.

Also read | Why are so many young people getting lung cancer, and what can be done?

How to keep your lungs healthy

Dr Pachaury shares tips to protect your lungs when clean air isn’t guaranteed:

Monitor the AQI daily: Stay informed. Use reliable apps or websites to check air quality levels. Avoid outdoor activities when AQI is in the red or purple zones.

Use protective masks: Wearing a certified anti-pollution mask, particularly an N95, can block out harmful particles and reduce daily exposure.

Avoid high-traffic zones: Try to steer clear of congested areas, especially during peak hours when air pollution spikes.

Improve indoor air quality: Use air purifiers at home, keep windows closed during high-pollution days, and incorporate air-purifying plants indoors.

Push for cleaner communities: Dr Pachaury stresses the need for community-wide action: “We must adopt green energy, reduce vehicle emissions, and educate our youth on sustainable living.”

FAQs on Health Risks of Air Pollution

1. What are the main health risks of air pollution?

Air pollution can cause lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory infections, and exacerbate existing health conditions, especially in urban areas.

2. How does air pollution compare to smoking in terms of health risks?

While active smoking has a higher risk for lung cancer, even low exposure to polluted air can cause serious health issues for non-smokers.

3. What pollutants are most harmful in urban areas?

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), automobile exhaust, construction dust, and industrial emissions like asbestos and hydrocarbons are significant urban pollutants.

4. How can I protect my lungs from air pollution?

Monitor daily AQI, wear N95 masks, avoid high-traffic zones, use air purifiers indoors, and keep windows closed during high-pollution days.

5. What community actions can help reduce air pollution?

Adopt green energy solutions, reduce vehicle emissions, and educate youth on sustainable living practices to create cleaner communities.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for a specific health diagnosis.