Difficulty in swallowing? 10 reasons a tongue ulcer could be a reason
Carcinoma tongue affects both genders equally and is linked to smoking, alcohol, tobacco, and premalignant lesions. Symptoms include ulcers, salivation, speech issues, foul odour, voice change, and lymph node involvement. Diagnosis relies on biopsy, imaging, and laryngoscopy. Prevention focuses on quitting tobacco, alcohol avoidance, and lifestyle changes for oral health.
Tongue as a muscular organ The tongue is a flexible muscular organ in the oral cavity covered by papillae that contain taste buds. These aid in the detecting flavours. The incidence of carcinoma tongue is equal in both genders and there may be many factors that can influence the incidence of this condition. (Image: Canva)
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Risk factors for carcinoma tongue Risk factors for the development of carcinoma tongue include cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and diseases like syphilis. Consumption of spicy foods and having a sharp tooth that hurts the oral mucosa may also play a role in this condition.(Image: Canva)
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Role of tobacco and areca nuts Chewing areca nuts and consuming tobacco may lead to carcinoma tongue. Other premalignant lesions like erythroplakia and leukoplakia may also play a role. Carcinoma tongue can be of multiple types, like papillary, ulcerative, or indurated. A painless ulcer or swelling may be seen on the tongue.(Image: Canva)
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Oral symptoms and visible ulcer The affected individual can experience excessive salivation, and the saliva may sometimes be blood-stained. A difficulty in swallowing may also be a complaint due to fixation of the tongue. A visible ulcer can be observed in the anterior part of the tongue. However, the ulcer may bleed on touch.(Image: Canva)
Effect on speech and odour The muscles of the tongue may get involved, and the person may find it difficult to articulate a sentence or words. Because of the infection and necrosis in the oral cavity, a persistent and unpleasant odour is observed and emanates from the affected individual.(Image: Canva)
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Voice change and lymph nodes Some people may also have a change in voice, especially when the tumour is present in the posterior part of the tongue. Lymph nodes present in the neck become palpable, and are felt as hard and nodular. The tumour can spread to the floor of the mouth as well.(Image: Canva)
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Posterior tongue carcinoma When the tumour is present in the posterior part or the base of the tongue, it may be asymptomatic for a long time. Early symptoms may be sore throat or some discomfort in the throat. Referred pain to the ear and bleeding from the mouth may be some features of this condition.(Image: Canva)
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Investigations for diagnosis Certain investigations are advised, like a wedge biopsy, fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes, and indirect laryngoscopy. A CT scan may be recommended to check the extension of a posteriorly present tumour. An MRI ans a chest X-ray may also help in diagnosis and ruling out complications.(Image: Canva)
Preventive lifestyle modifications It is necessary to quit smoking to be able to prevent the development of oral carcinomas. Using nicotine patches and slowly substituting smoking with mints or chewing gums can also help in quitting. Seeking professional help, and joining a group can provide the necessary support.(Image: Canva)
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Role of diet and alcohol Avoiding spicy food is also recommended, especially as the ulcers may get irritated by the spicy food. Keeping alcohol away is also advised. Gradually reducing the frequency of consumption and working out a plan to drink less and less is crucial. Learning to say no is a step towards quitting.(Image: Canva) Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis
Rajeshwaari Kalla is a freelance health and wellness writer
