Cholera prevention: Avoid street food, drink safe water, maintain proper sanitation, more

Maintaining proper sanitation is essential to prevent cholera. Use toilets for defecation and avoid open defecation, which can contaminate water sources. (Image: Canva)

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae, typically spread through contaminated water and food. Characterised by severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, cholera can lead to death within hours if untreated. It thrives in areas with inadequate sanitation and limited access to clean drinking water.

To stay safe amidst rising cholera cases, it's important to adopt certain lifestyle habits that can help prevent the infection. Here are ten habits to consider according to Dr Vijay Dewan, senior director (Healthcare) at BGS Global hospital, Indore.

Drink safe water: Ensuring safe drinking water is crucial. Use bottled water or boil tap water for at least one minute to kill bacteria. Alternatively, use water purification tablets or filters. Avoid drinking water from unverified sources like rivers, lakes, or wells. Even for brushing teeth, use only purified or boiled water to avoid contamination.

Proper sanitation: Maintaining proper sanitation is essential to prevent cholera. Use toilets for defecation and avoid open defecation, which can contaminate water sources. Ensure sewage and waste are properly disposed of and not left in open areas. Keeping your living environment clean helps reduce the spread of bacteria and other pathogens.

Hand hygiene: Regular and thorough handwashing with soap and clean water is a simple yet effective way to prevent cholera. Wash your hands before eating, preparing food, and after using the toilet. Hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol can be used when soap and water are unavailable. This practice helps remove germs that can cause illness.

Safe food practices: Consuming safe food is vital. Ensure all food is cooked thoroughly and served hot to kill harmful bacteria. Avoid raw or undercooked foods, especially seafood, which can harbor cholera bacteria. Be cautious with salads and raw vegetables, ensuring they are washed with safe water. Eating freshly prepared food minimises the risk of infection.

Avoid street food: Street food, while tempting, may be prepared under unsanitary conditions. Opt for home-cooked meals or food from reputable establishments. If eating out, choose places with good hygiene practices. Street food vendors might not have access to clean water and proper sanitation, increasing the risk of contamination.

Peel fruits and vegetables: If possible, peel fruits and vegetables before consumption to remove potential contaminants on the surface. If peeling is not an option, wash them thoroughly with safe water. Avoid eating raw produce that cannot be peeled or adequately washed, as they can carry cholera bacteria from contaminated water or soil.

Proper waste disposal: Dispose of garbage properly to prevent it from becoming a breeding ground for flies and rodents, which can spread cholera bacteria. Use covered bins and ensure regular collection and disposal of waste. Keep your surroundings clean and avoid accumulating waste near living areas to reduce the risk of contamination.

Clean kitchen and utensils: Maintain a clean kitchen and utensils to prevent the spread of bacteria. Use safe water to wash dishes and cooking utensils. Regularly clean kitchen surfaces, cutting boards, and storage areas. Proper kitchen hygiene reduces the chances of cross-contamination and helps keep your food safe from cholera bacteria.

Avoid ice from unsafe sources: Ice can be a hidden source of cholera bacteria. Avoid using ice made from tap water or from sources you cannot verify. Prefer bottled or boiled water for making ice at home. When dining out, inquire about the source of ice and avoid it if its safety cannot be assured.

Stay informed and vaccinated: Stay updated with health advisories and information about cholera outbreaks in your area. Consider getting vaccinated against cholera, especially if you live in or plan to travel to high-risk regions. Vaccination can provide an added layer of protection. Follow public health guidelines and seek medical advice promptly if symptoms appear.