Causes of diarrhoea in children, tips to prevent dehydration and boost immune system

Diarrhoea can affect people of all ages but is particularly prevalent among children and in areas with poor sanitation. (Image: Canva)

Diarrhoea is a common condition characterised by the frequent passage of loose or watery stools, often accompanied by abdominal cramps, bloating, and dehydration. It can affect people of all ages but is particularly prevalent among children and in areas with poor sanitation. Diarrhoea can be caused by various factors, including infections from viruses, bacteria, or parasites, as well as food intolerances, medications, and underlying health conditions.

While generally self-limiting, diarrhoea can lead to severe dehydration, especially in young children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. This makes prompt management and preventive measures essential to avoid complications. Good hygiene practices, safe food handling, and access to clean drinking water are key to preventing diarrhoea. In cases where diarrhoea persists or is accompanied by other severe symptoms, seeking medical attention is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment and prevent further health risks. According to paediatric surgeon Dr Rekha Vajpai, children are more prone to diarrhoea than adults for several reasons, some of which include:

Reasons children are more prone to diarrhoea:

Weaker immune system: Children's immune systems are still developing, making them less capable of fighting off infections, particularly those caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites that lead to diarrhoea.

Exploratory behaviour: Young children tend to explore their environment by putting objects in their mouths, increasing their exposure to germs that can cause gastrointestinal infections.

Poor hygiene practices: Children, especially younger ones, may not consistently wash their hands properly after using the toilet or before eating, leading to a higher risk of ingesting harmful pathogens.

Exposure to contaminated food or water: Children may be more vulnerable to consuming contaminated food or water, particularly in areas where sanitation is poor, leading to foodborne illnesses that cause diarrhoea.

Daycare and school settings: Children in group care settings, such as daycares and schools, are more likely to be exposed to infectious agents due to close contact with other children.

Preventive measures:

Promote good hygiene: Teach children to wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially before eating, after using the toilet, and after playing outside.

Safe food handling: Ensure that food is cooked properly and stored at the correct temperatures to prevent contamination. Avoid giving children raw or undercooked food.

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Clean drinking water: Provide children with safe, clean drinking water. If the safety of the water supply is questionable, use bottled water or boil water before drinking.

Vaccination: Vaccinate children against rotavirus, a common cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and young children.

Breastfeeding: For infants, breastfeeding provides essential nutrients and antibodies that help protect against infections, including those that cause diarrhoea.

Probiotics: Some studies suggest that probiotics can help maintain healthy gut flora and prevent diarrhoea, particularly in children who are at high risk.

Sanitary practices: Encourage the use of toilets and proper disposal of waste to reduce the spread of germs. Ensure that the child's living environment is clean and sanitary.

Avoid contaminated environments: Minimise exposure to environments known to be contaminated with harmful pathogens, especially for very young children.