Causes of arthritis in women: Here's how obesity, hormonal changes and genetics play a role

Causes of arthritis: Hormonal changes, along with genetics, obesity, and inactivity, are driving an increasing number of young women, even in their 20s and 30s, to be diagnosed with arthritis (Image: Canva)

When you get up from bed, a familiar stiffness in your back makes you pause, forcing you to stretch before you can even think about getting dressed. The simple motion of pulling on your shirt feels laborious as the pain radiates through your shoulders. Such symptoms can often be overlooked or attributed to fatigue, leaving many unaware that they may be experiencing the early signs of arthritis.

Arthritis, often seen as an ailment of older adults, is increasingly impacting younger generations, particularly women. As awareness grows, it becomes vital to understand the symptoms, causes, and management strategies for this often-debilitating disease.

Your bones and joints are essential for mobility and overall well-being. Arthritis is a condition that leads to joint inflammation, causing pain and stiffness that can make everyday tasks difficult, says Dr Arvind Mehra, Senior Director of Orthopaedics at Paras Health in Gurugram. “While arthritis affects people globally, it's more common in women, largely due to hormonal factors.”

Hormonal changes, along with genetics, obesity, and inactivity, are driving an increasing number of young women, even in their 20s and 30s, to be diagnosed with arthritis. Dr Mehra highlights factors contributing to arthritis in women:

• Hormonal differences: Women experience hormonal fluctuations throughout their lives, especially during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. These changes can influence the onset and severity of arthritis.

• Genetics: Family history can increase susceptibility to various types of arthritis, making some women more prone to developing the condition.

• Obesity: Excess weight puts additional strain on joints, particularly weight-bearing ones like the knees and hips, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.

• Inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle can weaken muscles and joints, contributing to joint pain and stiffness.

• Autoimmune disorders: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis disproportionately affect women, leading to systemic inflammation that can severely impact joint health.

Proactive steps to manage arthritis:

While there is no cure for arthritis, early intervention and lifestyle changes can significantly slow its progression and ease symptoms. Here are some strategies to consider:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Reducing excess weight can alleviate pressure on joints, particularly in the lower body.
• Exercise regularly: Low-impact activities like swimming, walking, and cycling can help strengthen muscles and improve joint flexibility without putting too much strain on them.
• Manage blood sugar levels: Keeping blood sugar levels stable can reduce inflammation and help manage symptoms.
• Consult a specialist: Consult a rheumatologist to explore non-surgical treatments that can effectively manage arthritis symptoms and delay progression.
• Stay informed: Awareness is key. Educate yourself about the condition and be proactive about monitoring any changes in your joint health.