Asthma attack during air pollution: Diet, air purifiers, lifestyle tips to avoid breathing problems

Avoid asthma attack: A healthy, anti-inflammatory diet can help manage asthma symptoms. Foods like salmon, walnuts, flaxseeds, and cashews are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which reduce inflammation (Image: Canva)

Air pollution is growing at an alarming rate, particularly in urban areas, where industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, and construction activities contribute to the deterioration of air quality. The increasing levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants in the air are becoming major health threats. These pollutants not only affect the environment but also have severe impacts on human health, especially on the respiratory system.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition marked by the narrowing of the airways, which causes difficulty in breathing. Exposure to air pollution and smog can increase asthma symptoms. warns Dr Harish Bhatia, Founder Director of Rebreathe Clinic and Senior Consultant Chest Specialist & Physician at Apollo Hospital. “The pollutants in the air can irritate the airways, trigger inflammation, and make it harder for people to breathe,” he explains, adding, “In areas with high pollution, people with asthma often experience an increase in symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, making the condition harder to manage. It's crucial for those with asthma to take preventive measures, especially in high-smog areas."

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Here are a few effective strategies, suggested by Dr Bhatia, to manage asthma in high smog areas:

• Track the Air quality index (AQI): Use smart apps to track the AQI. This helps asthma patients stay informed about pollution levels. If the AQI exceeds 100, it’s advisable to stay indoors and avoid outdoor activities.

• Stay indoors: During times of peak pollution, particularly early mornings and evenings, it’s best to avoid outdoor activities. Engaging in physical exercise outdoors when pollution levels are high can worsen the symptoms.

• Use air mask: When stepping outside in high pollution areas, it’s essential to wear an N95 mask. This type of mask effectively filters out harmful pollutants and minimises exposure to particulate matter. Ensure the mask fits well and the filter is changed regularly.

• Use an indoor air purifier: To ensure clean air indoors, invest in an air purifier with a HEPA filter. These filters help remove dust, pollen, and other allergens, providing a cleaner breathing environment in your living spaces.

• Maintain a healthy diet: Food is important. A healthy, anti-inflammatory diet can help manage asthma symptoms. Foods like salmon, walnuts, flaxseeds, and cashews are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which reduce inflammation. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as berries and leafy greens, can also boost lung health and combat oxidative stress.

• Stay hydrated: Drinking sufficient water is equally important for your health. It also helps in managing asthma. Prioritise staying hydrated.