11 things about ovarian cancer every women should know: Symptoms, causes, prevention and management
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest gynaecological cancers due to its late diagnosis and complex nature. Understanding its different sub types, early symptoms, risk factors and advances in prevention and treatment is crucial.
Understanding ovarian cancer Ovarian cancer often comes with subtle warnings, and by the time, it is diagnosed its frequently too late with various subtypes, wearing symptoms, and often hidden origin in the fallopian tubes or peritoneum, it presents a unique challenge in women’s health.(Image: Canva)
2/11
Types of ovarian cancer This cancer comes in multiple forms each with different origins, behaviours and responses to treatment. The most common is high-grade serious carcinoma (HGSC), which starts in the fallopian tube and spreads. Slowly. Some types are more aggressive other slow-growing, but tricky to treat(Image: Canva)
3/11
Subtype biology matters Although most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, understanding the biology of each subtype helps in guiding how doctors treat and prevent the disease. It's personalised care, but there's still a long way to go.(Image: Canva)
4/11
Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer According to a study in Pubmed, unlike breast or cervical cancers, ovarian cancer lacks an effective screening test. Symptoms, like bloating, abdominal pain, or feeling full quickly, are vague and easily dismissed. Add to that its hidden origin, often in the fallopian tube, and it’s no wonder over 70% of cases are caught at an advanced stage. But there is progress. Recognising precursor lesions like serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) and genetic testing for BRCA mutations are opening new doors in early risk detection.(Image: Canva)
Recognise the symptoms Bloating, back pain, loss of appetite and feeling full too soon are often brushed off as harmless. But when persistent, these can signal something more serious. Stay alert to changes in your body, and don’t ignore your gut instinct. If something feels off, consult a doctor.(Image: Canva)
6/11
Subtypes also matter Not all ovarian cancers are the same. HGSC is common and aggressive but initially responds well to treatment. Others, like low-grade serous carcinoma or clear-cell types, need different approaches. Knowing the subtype helps doctors choose the right therapies—and avoid a one-size-fits-all plan.(Image: Canva)
7/11
BRCA genes change the game Carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation dramatically increases risk. For high-risk women, surgery to remove ovaries and fallopian tubes (often between ages 35–40) can reduce cancer risk by up to 80%. Genetic counselling is vital, not just for you, but for your family too.(Image: Canva)
8/11
Surgery still saves lives Getting the right surgeon makes a difference. Outcomes improve when surgery is performed by a gynaecological oncologist. The aim is complete tumour removal, called R0 resection. Women with no visible cancer left post-surgery tend to live longer and respond better to follow-up chemotherapy.(Image: Canva)
Chemotherapy isn’t one-size-fits-all Platinum-based drugs work well initially, especially in HGSC, but resistance often develops. New treatments, like PARP inhibitors and immunotherapies, offer options when standard chemo stops working. Some are even being used earlier in treatment plans. Clinical trials are ongoing, and personalised therapy is the future.(Image: Canva)
10/11
Prevention is evolving Removing fallopian tubes during other surgeries (like hysterectomies) may lower future risk, especially for high-risk women. This is called opportunistic salpingectomy. It’s not yet a guarantee, but it’s promising. For now, the focus is on identifying risk early and tailoring prevention to the individual.(Image: Canva)
11/11
Why women should know Ovarian cancer may be elusive, but progress is real. From better genetic understanding to more targeted treatments, science is beginning to unravel this complex disease. Knowing the symptoms, understanding your risk, and pushing for early action could save lives.(Image: Canva) Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for a specific health diagnosis.
Namita S Kalla is a senior journalist who writes about different aspects of modern life that include lifestyle, health, fashion, beauty, and entertainment.
